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Kirsty Biology 2016 > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O+ radiant energy -> C6H12O6 + O2

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2
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissue performing a specific function.

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains the cells organelles

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4
Q

Tonoplast

A

the membrane surrounding the vacuole.

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5
Q

Replication

A

DNA makes an exact copy of itself.

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that contains hereditary information. The organelle that controls cellular activity

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7
Q

Cellular respiration

A

C6H12O2 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP energy

The chemical reaction responsible for releasing energy

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8
Q

Leucoplast

A

The storage organelle for food in plant cell

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

An organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

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10
Q

Semi/selectively -permeable membrane

A

A membrane which only allows certain substances through.

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11
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides strength to the plant cells. The non-living portion of the cell.

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12
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells working together.

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13
Q

Mitochondrion

A

The ‘power house’ of the cell

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14
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism consisting of many different cells.

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15
Q

Vacuole

A

A storage area for water and dissolved salts and nutrients.

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis.

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17
Q

Mitosis

A

Two identical daughter cells are formed from a single cell.

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18
Q

Unicellular

A

A single cell can survive on its own. Some examples of unicellular organisms are prokaryotes or bacteria. These are cells represent the simplest form of life

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19
Q

Micrograph

A

A photograph of a structure through a microscope.

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20
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of life

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21
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell with a true nucleus

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22
Q

Cyclosis

A

The movement of cytoplasm around the cell.

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23
Q

Turgid

A

The state a cell is in when the vacuole is full of water.

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24
Q

Lignin

A

The substance that ensures the cell wall is waterproof.

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25
Q

Pits

A

Thinned area of cells walls for communication between cells.

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26
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

The microscope that shows us the inside of the cell in 2D

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27
Q

System

A

A set of organs that work together to perform a common function.

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28
Q

Flaccid

A

The state the cell is in when the vacuole lacks water.

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29
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels in cell wall where cytoplasmic strands go through from one cell to the next.

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30
Q

Cellulose

A

The substance that is indigestible by humans but strengthens the cell wall of plant cells.

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31
Q

Chromoplast

A

The plastid that gives colour to petals and fruits

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32
Q

Middle Pamela

A

The cement that holds two plant cells together.

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33
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

The microscope that shows you the outside of the cell in 3D.

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34
Q

Protoplasm

A

part of the cell that includes the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane

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35
Q

Organism

A

A set of cell, tissue, organs and systems that work together to give and sustain life.

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36
Q

Cell membrane

A

The structure that is semi-permeable and that protects a cell.

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37
Q

DNA

A

Formed by chromosomes

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38
Q

Zygote

A

The result of the fusion of a sperm and an egg cell.

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39
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference between a high and low concentration of molecules.

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40
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water particles, across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

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41
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution with a low number of solute particles.

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42
Q

Osmoregulation/ homeostasis

A

Maintaining the correct water balance in the body

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43
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution of equal concentrations on either side of the membrane.

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44
Q

Passive transport/ facilitated diffusion

A

Cellular transport which does not require energy

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45
Q

Solution

A

The mixture of a solute and a solvent

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46
Q

Active transport

A

Cellular transport which requires energy

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47
Q

Water potential/concentration

A

The amount of water a solution contains

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48
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution with a high number of solute particles

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49
Q

Universal indicator

A

The liquid that dissolves substances

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50
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Transport of molecules across a membrane with the help of proteins

51
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves in a liquid

52
Q

Diffusion

A

The random movement of particles until equilibrium is reached

53
Q

Kidney

A

The organ which ensures that the blood is an isotonic solution.

54
Q

Digestion

A

The mechanical and chemical breaking down of food. The mechanical and chemical breakdown of solid food particles into water soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the bloodstream.

55
Q

Salivary amylase

A

The enzyme that is found in saliva. Amylase break down amylose/ starch

56
Q

Chewing/ peristalsis/ churning

A

Mechanical digestion

57
Q

Goblet

A

The cell that produces mucous in the stomach

58
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contraction and relaxation of the muscle which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube

59
Q

Anus

A

The structure that releases faeces

60
Q

Provide energy

A

The main function of fats and oils

61
Q

Bile

A

The substances that emulsifiers fats

62
Q

Epiglottis

A

The flap that covers the trachea when swallowing

63
Q

Duodenunum

A

The first part of the small intestine

64
Q

Gal bladder

A

The organ that stores bile

65
Q

Gastric glands

A

The gland in the stomach that secretes acid and enzymes.

66
Q

Assimilation

A

The movement of soluble food particles from the bloodstream into the cells and tissues of the body, wherever it is required

67
Q

Villi/ micro villi

A

The structure that increases the surface area for maximum absorption of nutrients.

68
Q

Autotrophic/ green plants

A

An organism that makes its own food

69
Q

Lacteal

A

The structure that absorbs excess fats from the small intestine

70
Q

Build and repair

A

The main function of proteins

71
Q

Lumen

A

The channel in which the digested food nutrients travel into the small intestine

72
Q

Amino acids

A

The smallest unit of proteins

73
Q

Egestion/ defaecation

A

The removal of undigested waste products from the body- faeces

74
Q

Cellulose

A

A substance required by humans which is indigestible but important for the digestive system

75
Q

Chyme

A

The substance that enters the small intestines from the stomach

76
Q

Ingestion

A

The physical intake of food

77
Q

Liver

A

The organ that produces bile. The largest gland in the body

78
Q

Colon

A

Another term for large intestine

79
Q

Fatty acids

A

The smallest unit of lipids

80
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of soluble food particles from the small intestine into the bloodstream

81
Q

Heterotrophic

A

An organism that cannot make its own for

82
Q

Glucose

A

The smallest unit of carbohydrates

83
Q

Clenched fist

A

The size of the human heart

84
Q

Atria

A

Top chambers of the heart

85
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom chambers of the heart

86
Q

Atrium

A

The heart chamber that is thin- walled

87
Q

Ventricle ( left )

A

The heart chamber that has the thickest wall

88
Q

Bicuspid/mitral

A

The name of the valve with two flaps

89
Q

Tricuspid

A

The name of the valve with three flaps

90
Q

Aorta semilunar valve

A

The name of the valve in he aorta

91
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

The name of the valve in the pulmonary artery

92
Q

Septum

A

The wall that divides the right and left hand sides of the heart

93
Q

Coronary artery

A

Arteries that supply the heart with blood

94
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Another term for heart attack

95
Q

Athersclorosis

A

Collection of fat, cholesterol in walls of arteries.

96
Q

Pulmonary

A

The circulation system that takes blood to the lungs and back

97
Q

Systemic

A

The circulation system that takes blood to the body cells and back

98
Q

Blood vessel

A

The tubes/ ducts that carry blood

99
Q

Closed blood system

A

The blood does not leave the vessels

100
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood to the heart

101
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

102
Q

Capillaries

A

vessels that are only one cell thick

103
Q

Red blood cells/ erythrocytes

A

Blood cells that contain haemoglobin

104
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The substance that carries oxygen around the body

105
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid component of blood

106
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cells

107
Q

Platelets/ thrombocytes

A

Blood cell fragment involved in clotting

108
Q

Transfusion

A

Giving one persons blood to another person

109
Q

Temporal

A

The lobe of the brain found near the temples

110
Q

Occipital

A

The lobe of the brain responsible for vision

111
Q

Pituatary

A

The section of the brain that releases hormones

112
Q

Cerebellum

A

The area of the brain that controls movement and balance.

113
Q

Frontal

A

The front section of the brain

114
Q

Cornea

A

The clear, thin layer covering the front of the eye.

115
Q

Pupil

A

The structure in the eye that allows light to enter.

116
Q

Sclerotic layer

A

A protective layer that surrounds the eye and helps it to maintain shape.

117
Q

Vitreous humour

A

The jelly that maintains the shape of the eye

118
Q

Retina

A

The layer of the eye that contains the light-sensitive cells

119
Q

Cell membrane

A

A membrane which only allows certain substances through

120
Q

Yellow spot

A

The section of the eye that contains colour-sensitive cells

121
Q

Optic nerve

A

The nerve that joins the eye o the brain

122
Q

Iris

A

The components of the eye that gives it its colour

123
Q

Lens

A

Jelly-like Windows that helps focus an image on the back of the eye

Kirsty Biology 2016 (11 decks)

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