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Kirsty Biology 2016 > 6) The Excretory System > Flashcards

6) The Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is excretion

A

Any process which gets rid of unwanted metabolic products

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2
Q

What are 5 excretory products

A 
Carbon dioxide
Water
Mineral salts
Nitrogenous compounds
Ammonia, urea, uric acid,creatinine
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3
Q

When are the 5 excretory products produced

A

Carbon dioxide- aerobic respiration
Water- aerobic respiration, osmoregulation
Mineral salts- osmoregulation
Nitrogenous compounds- during the production of urine
Ammonia, urea, uric acid,creatinine- during the production of urine

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4
Q

Which excretory organ do excretory products use/ form in

A 
Carbon dioxide- lungs
Water- lungs, kidneys,skin
Mineral salts- kidneys
Nitrogenous compounds- skin
Ammonia, urea, uric acid,creatinine- kidneys
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5
Q

What are the components of the urinary system

A

Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

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6
Q

What is the function of the kidney

A

They remove waste products from the blood, balance body fluids, regulates blood volume and pressure, regulates the production of red blood cels, filters nitrogenous compounds and controls the ionic balance

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7
Q

What is the function of the ureter

A

It carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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8
Q

What is the function of the bladder

A

It is the temporary storage organ for urine

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9
Q

What is the function of the urethra

A

It is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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10
Q

What are the internal structures of the kidney

A 
Capsule
Cortex
Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis 
Ureter
Medulla
Greater calyx and lesser calyx
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11
Q

What is the capsule

A

The protective layer of connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the renal vein

A

It transports filtered, purified blood, rich in CO2 to the heart

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13
Q

What is the renal artery

A

It transports oxygenated blood, rich in waste products, to the kidney for purification

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14
Q

What is the pelvis

A

The funnel which collects urine from calyces

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15
Q

What is the cortex

A

The outer layer of the kidney that contains about 1 million malpighian bodies

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16
Q

What is the medulla

A

The inner layer of the kidney that is divided into 4 cone-shaped pyramids. They lined look is due to the tubules of nephrons

17
Q

What is the greater calyx and lesser calyx

A

Collect urine and lead to the pelvis

18
Q

How many renal pyramids are there per kidney

A

About 8-18

19
Q

what happens when the blood pressure deacreases

A

Less urine is produced

20
Q

What is glomerular filtration

A

The fluid part of the blood is filtered from the glomerulus into the cavity of the bowman’s capsule

21
Q

What is tubular reabsorption

A

As the fluid flows along the renal tubule, useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood stream in amounts required by the proximinal tubule

22
Q

What is ultra filtration

A

It takes lace under high pressure

23
Q

What is tubular extraction

A

Unwanted substances are actively excreted into the tubules

24
Q

What is the composition of urine

A

95% water
2% urea
1.5% salts

25
Q

What is the proximinal tube

A

Tubular reabsorption of all useful substances ( some H2O, all cliches and amino acids) from tubule into blood capillary occurs.

26
Q

What happens in the loop of henle

A

Osmoregulation by means of the ‘sodium pump ‘ occurs

27
Q

What happens in the distil tubule

A

Tubular reabsorption of water and salts from tubule into capillary occurs. Tubular excretion of waste products ( ammonia and salts ) from capillaries and medulla into tubules occurs

28
Q

What happens in the collecting tubule

A

Transports urine to calyces of the kidney. During osmoregulation, water is released into tissue fluids of the medulla.

29
Q

What are the structure of the nephron

A 
Efferent arteriole- renal artery 
Afforestation arterial- renal artery 
Malpighian body- glomerulus and bowman's capsule 
Proximal tube 
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting tubule
Duct of Bellini
Renal papilla leading to lesser calyx
30
Q

What is the Malpighian body

A

Ultra filtration takes place. Water and dissolved salts, glucose, amino acids and urea are forced into bowman’s capsule

31
Q

What are the 3 tubules

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop/ loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

32
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubule long and curled

A

To increase the surface area for increased absorbtion

Kirsty Biology 2016 (11 decks)

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