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Kirsty Biology 2016 > 5) The Respiratory System > Flashcards

5) The Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

what is energy measured in

A

Kj ( kilojoules )

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2
Q

how much energy will a child use in a day

A

a lot of energy because they are doing a lot of physical activities and they move around a lot.

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3
Q

how much energy will a working adult use in a day

A

depending on the job, they will usually use more energy than a child. if they have a desk job, they wont move a lot, and will use less energy than a child, but if they are a personal trainer, they will use more energy

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4
Q

how much energy will an old person use in a day

A

very little energy, because they don’t move as much and they are not able to move as much

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5
Q

how does gaseous exchange happen

A

by diffusion across a moist cell membrane

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6
Q

what does it mean when the gasses are in the solution

A

it means that the gasses have been dissolved in the liquid, the gas is the solute, and the liquid is the solvent

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7
Q

what do organisms need for effective gaseous exchange

A 
a moist surface / membrane 
a thin surface
a large surfacce
transport medium for the gasses 
the gaseous exchange surface and the transport medium must be as close together as possible
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8
Q

what is the chemical equation for gaseous exchange

A

oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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9
Q

what is breathing

A

the physical process involving muscles. air is drawn into and expelled from the lungs

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10
Q

what is inhalation

A

the movement of air into the lungs

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11
Q

what is expiration

A

the movement/expulsion of carbon dioxide from the lungs

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12
Q

what is respiration

A

the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide

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13
Q

what is gaseous exchange

A

the exchange/ movement of gases across a surface. ie. thin, moist membrane

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14
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory system

A 
nostril/ mouth 
cilia
larynx
trachea
C-shaped cartilage rings in trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
lung
alveolus 
pleural membrane
pleural space 
ribcage
intercostal muscle
diaphragm
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15
Q

what is the function of the nostril

A

let air into you lungs . warms air and traps dust/foreign particles before they enter the lungs

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16
Q

what is the function of the cilia

A

traps foreign particles before they enter the lungs

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17
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

it is the voice box. it holds the vocal folds

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18
Q

what is the function of the trachea

A

to connect the mouth/nose to the bronchi
traps dust/foreign particles
it contains the C-shaped cartilage rings

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19
Q

what is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings

A

they keep the trachea open for air to go through, but also allows part of the trachea to stay loose for when you are eating

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20
Q

what is the function of the bronchus

A

joins the trachea to bronchioles
tube that enters the lungs
contains C-shaped cartilage rings

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21
Q

what is the function of the bronchioles

A

smaller tubes in the lungs

carry air to alveoli

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22
Q

what is the function of the lung

A

spongy, elastic sac lined with mucous, where gaseous exchange occurs

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23
Q

what is the function of the alveolus

A

the membrane that is tgin, large and moist in the lung were gaseous exchange occurs . to increase surface area for maximum and efficient gaseous exchange

24
Q

what is the function of the pleural membrane

A

the casing of the lung

25
Q

what is the function of the pleural space/cavity

A

contains pleural fluid which prevents friction and acts as a shock absorber

26
Q

what is the function of the ribcage

A

protects the lungs

27
Q

what is the function of the intercostal muscle

A

assists in breathing ( muscle between ribs )

28
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm

A

assist in breathing - moves up and down for inspiration and up for expiration

29
Q

where does the air move to once it has entered through the nose/ mouth

A

it goes through the trachea, to the left and right bronchus, and then ti the bronchioles in the left and right lung

30
Q

what are the components of the alveolar sacs

A

alveolar space
alveolar membrane
capillaries

31
Q

what is the process of gaseous exchange

A

deoxygenated blood come from the heart and through the capillaries. the red blood cells are in blood plasma with a high concentration of carbon dioxide. the oxygen from the capillaries diffuses into the deoxygenated red blood cells. the carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood plasma and into the capillaries to be breathed out. the oxygenated blood moves back to the heart.

32
Q

what protein do red blood cells carry

A

haemoglobin- carries oxygen

33
Q

what gives the red blood cells their colour

A

the haemoglobin

34
Q

what happens when oxygen joins onto the haemoglobin

A

it forms oxyhaemoglobin

35
Q

what is the function of the fluid between the pleural membrane

A

it acts as a shock absorber and it prevents the sides of the membrane from sticking to each other

36
Q

what are the muscles involved with breathing

A

the intercostal muscle and the diaphragm

37
Q

where is the intercostal muscle

A

between ribs

38
Q

where is the diaphragm

A

under the lungs

39
Q

what happens during inspiration

A

the diaphragm flattens. rib elevation increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and air moves into the lungs.

40
Q

what happens during expiration

A

the diaphragm and ribs return to normal position, decreasing the volume of the lungs and pushing the air out

41
Q

what happens when the pressure in the lungs increases

A

the air moves out

42
Q

what happens when the pressure in the lungs is decreased

A

the air moves in

43
Q

if the pressure in the lungs increases the the volume of the lungs…

A

decreases

44
Q

if the pressure in the lungs decreases the the volume of the lungs…

A

increases

45
Q

what is respiration

A

a process which provides living organisms with energy

46
Q

why do we respire

A

to produce energy, cells must respire.

47
Q

what is the primary type of resiration

A

aerobic respiration

48
Q

what is the chemical formula for aerobic respiration

A

gucose+ oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

49
Q

what happens when there is a lack of oxygen

A

cells will anaerobically respire. only half the energy is produced and lactic acid tires the muscles

50
Q

what is the chemical formula for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose—> lactic acid + energy

51
Q

what does anaerobic respiration cause

A

oxygen debt

52
Q

what is oxygen debt

A

it is when there is a build up in lactic acid after you have finished exercising. you have to pay back the debts by breathing in enough oxygen

53
Q

why do you yawn

A

when you are sleepy, your lungs don’t take in enough oxygen. we are oxygen deprived and when our brain senses that, it send a message that cause you to take a long and deep breath

54
Q

why do you sneeze

A

it is the body’s way of removing impurities. when there is an irritation in the mucous membrane, you sneeze.

55
Q

what causes hiccups

A

it is an irritation in the diaphragm

56
Q

what are the organs affected by smoking

A 
brain
mouth and larynx 
lungs
heart 
oesophagus and stomach 
pancreas
bladdder
uterus and ovaries
testes 
peripheral arteries 
bone

Kirsty Biology 2016 (11 decks)

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