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Kirsty Biology 2016 > 3) Digestion And Healthy Eating > Flashcards

3) Digestion And Healthy Eating Flashcards

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1
Q

What is digestion

A

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of solid food particles into water soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream the process of eating and chewing to breakdown food in your stomach and intestines

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2
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Peristalsis- oesophagus/ ingestion moves the food down the tube. Churning and chewing

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3
Q

What is churning

A

Churning is when your stomach mixes the food

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4
Q

What is chewing

A

Chewing is with your mouth and the Hydrochloric acid in your stomach break down the food

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5
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

It uses enzymes: salivary amylase and Hydrochloric acid to break down food

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6
Q

Where does digestion start

A

The mouth

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7
Q

What are the enzymes in saliva called and what dos they do

A

Amylase and it breaks down amylose

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8
Q

What is the enzyme in starch called

A

Amylose

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9
Q

What is the function of the gastric pits

A

They hold the gastric glands

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10
Q

What is the function of the mucous cells

A

They secrete mucous

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11
Q

What is the function of the gastric glands

A

They secrete mucous and enzymes that make up gastric juice

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12
Q

What is the most important part of your digestive system

A

The small intestine

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13
Q

What is the function of the villi

A

It increases the surface area of ten small intestine to increase the rate of absorption Jord dissolved food particles.

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14
Q

What is the function of the lumen

A

The lumen contains dissolved food particles( nutrients ), water and chyme

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15
Q

What is the function of the muscle layer

A

The muscle layer assists in churning the food nutrients. Peristalsis occurs with circular and longitudinal muscle

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16
Q

What is the function of the lacteal

A

They are lymphatic muscles in the small intestine that absorb digested fats.

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17
Q

What is the function of the capillary beds

A

A network of blood vessels that absorb nutrients like lipids and carbohydrates. They then transport them to the blood stream.

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18
Q

What is the function of the microvilli

A

The microvilli are on the villi and the increase the absorption.

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19
Q

What is ingestion

A

Ingestion is the first stage of the digestive system. It is when food enters the mouth and is broken down by the saliva and the teeth.

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20
Q

What is digestion

A

It is the second stage of digestion, it is when the food is broken down into substances that can be used by the body with the use of mechanical and enzymatic action in the stomach

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21
Q

What is absorption

A

It is the third stage of digestion. The digested food passes through the intestines and nutrients ( carbohydrate, fats, vitamins and minerals ) get absorbed into the blood stream.

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22
Q

What is assimilation

A

It is the fourth stage of digestion. The nutrients in the blood stream are moved into the cells and are utilised there.

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23
Q

What does it mean when something ends in ‘ ase’

A

It is usually an enzyme that breaks something down

24
Q

What are the parts of the digestive system

A 
Mouth/ oral cavity
Pancreas
Large intestine 
Appendix
Oesophagus 
Liver
Stomach
Gal bladder 
Small intestine 
Rectum
Anus
25
Q

What is egestion/ elimination/ defaecation

A

The fifth stage in digestion. The waste products are formed and stored in the rectum until being expelled out of the body through the anus.

26
Q

What is the mouth/ oral cavity

A

It is the first stage of the digestive system. Starts to break down food with mechanical digestion. It breaks down starch and forms a bolus

27
Q

What is the pancreas

A

It secretes hormones and digestive enzymes into ten top of the small intestine

28
Q

What is the large intestine

A

It extracts moisture and nutrients from the food. It absorbs vitamin K

29
Q

What is the appendix

A

It has no known function

30
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

It is the tube that connects the mouth and the stomach. It pushes the food down through a process called peristalsis.

31
Q

What is the liver

A

The liver secretes bile and digestive enzymes. It detoxifies toxic substances that enter the body.

32
Q

What is the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach break down the food and proteins using mechanical digestion.

33
Q

What is the gal bladder

A

It stores bile for release when it is needed

34
Q

What is the small intestine

A

It is the final stage of the food being broken down.

35
Q

What is the rectum

A

It stores feces until it needs to be removed

36
Q

What is the anus

A

It is where the feces is excreted

37
Q

What is ten function of saliva

A

Saliva has enzymes called amylase that help break down starch ( amylose )

38
Q

Where does absorption occur in the digestive system

A

It occurs in the small intestines

39
Q

Where does assimilation occur in the digestive system

A

The liver

40
Q

How does you tongue help with swallowing

A

The tongue keeps the food pushed under your teeth. The muscles in your tongue pushes the food down your oesophagus

41
Q

What is the function of bile

A

Bile aids in digestion, it breaks down the food and stores the nutrients. Absorbs and digests food, especially fats. Coats and emulsifies fats to make them water soluble.

42
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

The food we take in to satisfy the needs of our digestive organs. Gives your body nutrients needed to maintain the correct balance .

43
Q

What are autotrophic organisms

A

They are organisms that can make their own food

44
Q

What are heterotrophic organisms

A

They are organisms that can not produce their own food and use other organism to satisfy their dietary requirements. They have to break down and digest large insoluble molecules into small solvable molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

45
Q

What are the types of organic food

A

They are called polymers and they are proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

46
Q

What is the smallest unit of a protein

A

Amino acid

47
Q

What is the smallest unit of a carbohydrate

A

Glucose

48
Q

What is the smallest unit of a lipid

A

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

49
Q

What is glycerol

A

A type of alcohol

50
Q

What does the smallest unit of a lipid look like

A

The glycerol looks like an ‘e ‘ and the three fatty chains look like wavy lines.

51
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A

•
•
• they provide a sore of fuel and energy that is required to carry out daily activities and exercise. Any extra energy is stored in the body until needed
• important for the correct working of our brain, heart and nervous, digestive and immune systems.
• fibre is a form of carbohydrate, it is essential for ten elimination of waste products and toxins from the body. It also keeps the intestines clean and disease free.

52
Q

What is the function of protein

A
  • required for building and repairing body tissue
  • enzymes, hormones and other immune molecules are proteins
  • essential body processes such as water balancing, nutrient transport and muscle contractions require protie not to function
  • they are a source of energy
  • keep skin, hair and nails healthy
  • crucial for keeping overall health
53
Q

What is the function of fruit and vegetables

A
  • provide vitamins A, C and K as well as folic acid and the mineral potassium
  • provide fibre, carbohydrates and some trace minerals
  • vegetables provide small amounts of protein
54
Q

What so the function of dairy products

A
  • contain nutrients and provide a quick and easy way of supplying nutrients to a diet with few calories.
  • 1 glass of milk will supply you with the nutrients needed for the day
  • calcium - healthy bones and teeth
  • phosphorus - for energy release
  • magnesium -for muscle function
  • protein- for growth and repair
  • zinc - for immune function
55
Q

What is the function of fats

A
  • provides energy. By doing so, fats save proteins, this allows the proteins to carry out more important functions such as building and repairing tissues
  • can be stored in the body for subsequent use. When the energy that is required is used, the extra food is deposited in a layer under our skin in the form of subcutaneous fat.
  • help for structural materials of cells and tissue such as the cell membrane.
  • they carry the fats soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K into the body to help in the absorption of these vitamins in the intestines.

Kirsty Biology 2016 (11 decks)

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