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Pathophysiology MEDI212 > terminology > Flashcards

terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Idiopathic - cause of disease is KNOWn or UNKNOWN?

A

unknown

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2
Q

Iatrogenic - treatment, procedure or error may cause a disease, e.g. catheter = ???

A

UTI

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3
Q

Predisposing factors - promote ??? of disease.

A

development

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4
Q

Pathogenesis: Sequence of events at a ??? level from initial “aetiologic event” until known disease.

A

cellular/tissue

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Pathogenesis is not about the cause but often describes events/diagnosis of symptoms before the disease is diagnosed.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Morphological changes relate to structural cell or ??? changes characteristic of a disease.

A

tissue

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Signs and symptoms may be related to the primary disorder (e.g. genetic syndromes with a cluster of characteristics) OR represent the body’s defence or coping mechanisms (e.g. fever, changes in urine output)

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Signs - obvious to someone other that the subject e.g. ???, ???

A

fever, skin rash

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9
Q

Symptoms - subjective feelings e.g. ???, ???

A

pain, nausea

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10
Q

Lesion - describes a specific local change in the cell or tissue?

A

tissue

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11
Q

Syndrome - collections of signs & symptoms that occur together or seperately?

A

together

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12
Q

Epidemiology - the science of tracking the pattern or ??? of disease

A

occurrence

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13
Q

Prevalence of disease - indicates the number of cases of a disease that are present in a population at a ???

A

specific time

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14
Q

Incidence of disease - indicates the number of new cases within a given ???

A

time period

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15
Q

many cases of infectious disease
within a given area = pandemic or epidemic?

A

epidemic

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16
Q

high number of cases in several
areas = pandemic or epidemic?

A

pandemic

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17
Q

H1N1 – Swine Flu is an example of an epidemic or pandemic?

A

pandemic

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18
Q

sudden illness = Acute disease OR chronic disease?

A

acute disease

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19
Q

milder but long-term illness = acute disease OR chronic disease?

A

chronic disease

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20
Q

Subclinical state - pathological changes have occurred but no ???

A

manifestations

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21
Q

latent stage or “silent” stage = clinical signs PRESENT or HIDDEN?
e.g. incubation period - infectious disease

A

Present

22
Q

Prodromal period - early OR late (?) development of disease

A

early

23
Q

A precipitating factor - a condition that triggers an ??? e.g. a seizure or a mild heart attack

A

acute episode

24
Q

Complications refer to new secondary or additional
problems that arise after the ???

A

original disease begins

25
Q

Clinical Course of disease is the progression of disease over time including the ??? of changes, the sequence of events and how long it
takes
eg Chronic, acute, recurrent, relapsing

A

speed of changes

26
Q

Sequelae refers to the potential outcome of the primary OR secondary (?) disease e.g. scar tissue & its effects

A

primary

27
Q

Morbidity indicates disease ??? within a group

A

rates

28
Q

Convalescence refers to the period of recovery & return to ??? state

A

normal healthy

29
Q

biopsy refers to ??? specimens

A

tissue

30
Q

what is the study of diseases from the perspective of structural, particularly histological, abnormalities of cells & tissues

A

Histopathology

31
Q

what is the study of primary diseases of the
blood, as well as the effects of other diseases on
the blood

A

haemotology

32
Q

Chemical pathology is the study of biochemical abnormalities in
the ???, urine and other tissues

A

blood

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Immunopathology - analysis of the immune
function

A

true

34
Q

Common diagnostic tests include:
Imaging technology or ???, blood and urine tests, nuclear scanning, endoscopic

A

radiology

35
Q

Nuclear scanning is a bone scan that will reveal stress fracture, fracture, infection or cancer in the ??? or ???

A

bone or joints.

36
Q

Haematocrit = volume of packed red blood cells to ??? blood volume

A

total blood volume

37
Q

Plasma = anticoagulant was or wasn’t (?) used and will contain clotting factors like fibrinogen.

A

WAS used

38
Q

Serum = anticoagulant was or wasn’t (?) used and the blood clots, and will not contain fibrinogen.

A

was NOT

39
Q

an increase in renin = hypo or hyper tension ?

A

hypertension

40
Q

production of excessive amounts of urine can be a sign of:
- hormonal or metabolic disorders like diabetes
- damage to the ???= glomerulonephritis

A

glomeruli

41
Q

Anuria - urine volume 0-50ml/day is a sign of serious ??? problems & potential failure

A

kidney/renal

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE Routine Urinalysis = physical examination

A

true

43
Q

specific gravity of urine- shows the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilute urine to clear waste from
the ???.

A

plasma

44
Q

Specific gravity is the ratio of ??? of substance to that of an equal volume of water (urine osmolality) and is greater than 1

A

weight

45
Q

If you are dehydrated the specific gravity of your urine will increase or decrease?

A

increase

46
Q

Specific gravity of 1.005-1.030- The effect of increased ADH (antidiuretic
hormone) production will increase or decrease specific gravity of urine?

A

increase because: ADH is a hormone which causes the kidneys to
absorb more water – decreasing the volume of
urine produced.

47
Q

The effect of diabetes insipidus on
specific gravity? increase or decrease?

A

decrease

48
Q

Haematuria - presence of ??? in urine

A

RBC

49
Q

Proteinuria (albuminuria) - presence of protein in urine (normal <10mg/100ml). Common in ???, all forms of renal disease

A

pregnancy

50
Q

*Haemoglobinuria
presence of Hb in urine, e.g. increase or decrease (?) RBC haemolysis

A

increase in

51
Q

Bilirubin - normal is 0 If > 0, indicates increased destruction of RBC & the
breakdown of haeme to bilirubin, where the bilirubin is excreted into ???. e.g. obstructive jaundice

A

bile

Pathophysiology MEDI212 (14 decks)

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