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Pathophysiology MEDI212 > lipid metabolism > Flashcards

lipid metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

describe the lipoprotein structure?
Hint: the outside is a monolayer of phospholipid and apolipoprotein membrane that contains…

A

triglycerides and cholesterol esters within. i.e. hydrophobic lipids

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2
Q

cholesterol plays a role in the synthesis of ??? membranes, steroid hormones, bile acid

A

plasma membranes

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3
Q

role of lipoproteins: carriers and distributors of hydrophobic or hydrophilic (?) lipids such as cholesteryl esters and TGs around the body

A

hydrophobic

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3
Q

triglycerides play a role as a major source of ???

A

energy

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4
Q

short chain Fatty acids can enter directly or indirectly (?) into bloodstream?

A

directly

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5
Q

most dietary fat and all dietary cholesterol must be transferred into ??? to be absorbed

A

chylomicrons

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6
Q

dietary fat becomes large TG droplets–> liver releases ??? which emulsify fat droplets into lipid membrane –> pancreatic lipase hydrolyses core TGs and free FAs + monoglycerides from the TGs

A

bile acids released

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7
Q

free FAs and monoglycerides are absorbed by the GI tract and resynthesised into TGS which are then packaged into ??? and released into lymphatic system

A

chylomicrons

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8
Q

endogenous pathway of TG absorption: VLDL –> IDL –> LDL & HDL –> ??? and this process (mostly) occurs in the liver

A

sdLDL

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9
Q

chylomicrons are formed by the dietary ??? from exogenous lipid pathway

A

dietary TGs

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10
Q

chylomicrons transport TGs and ???

A

cholesterol

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11
Q

VLDL transports endogenous pathway TGs from ???

A

liver

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12
Q

IDL transports endogenous pathway TGs and ???

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

LDL delivers cholesterol to ??? in need

A

tissues/cells

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14
Q

HDL picks up excess ??? from extra-hepatic cells, returns them to the liver

A

cholesterol

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14
Q

measuring plasma lipid levels:
1. centrifuge to seperate plasma from leukocytes and erythrocytes
2. lipoproteins found in ??? plasma
3. VLDL, IDL, chylomicrons isolated from plasma via ultracentrifugation
4. fasting blood sample in pathology lab –> plasma TG, TC, LDL-C & HDL-C

A

watery

14
Q

TRUE or FALSE: apolipoproteins are cofactors for enzymes involved in lipid metabolism i.e. VLDL –> Lipoprotein lipase enzyme + apoCII
–> IDL +FAs

A

TRUE

15
Q

apolipoproteins can act as ??? sites for receptors on cell surfaces

A

recognition

15
Q

function of apolipoproteins: solubilise insoluble lipids and aid in ??? transport

A

plasma

16
Q

exogenous pathway of lipid metabolism step 1:
chylomicrons synthesised from dietary ??? + ??? in the intestine before being released into bloodstream

A

TGs and cholesterol

17
Q

Exogenous pathway of lipid metabolism step 2: once in the bloodstream, the chylomicrons are hydrolysed by ??? which releases FAs

A

glycoprotein lipase

18
Q

Exogenous pathway of lipid metabolism step 3: chylomicron fragments are taken up by liver and ??? + TGs form pools within the liver

A

cholesterol

19
Q

Endogenous pathway lipid metabolism step 1: once arrived at the liver, TG is resynthesised together with cholesterol into ???

A

VLDL

20
Q

Endogenous pathway lipid metabolism step 2: ??? hydrolyses core of VLDL to form IDL in bloodstream, releasing FAs.

A

lipoprotein lipase

20
Q

Endogenous pathway lipid metabolism step 3: IDL –> LDL which can be taken up by ??? receptor in liver or transported to extrahepatic tissue that is in need of TG and cholesterol.

A

LDL-receptor

20
Q

TRUE or FALSE: you can measure chylomicrons, VLDL and IDL using
commercially available kits

A

FALSE: you cannot!

20
Q

HDL is the reverse cholesterol transport as it ??? extra cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue and brings back to liver

A

picks up extra cholesterol

21
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase converts 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl CoA to ??? acid

A

Mevalonic

22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: bile salts are made in the liver from cholesterol

A

TRUE

22
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA Reductase

22
Q

what is the cofactor for lipoprotein lipase?

A

Apolipoprotein CII

22
Q

the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is to hydrolyse TGs in ??? as well as VLDL

A

chylomicrons

23
Q

lipoprotein lipase influences lipoprotein levels of all types and thus has an influence on ???

A

atherogenesis

24
Q

cholesteryl ester transfer protein transfers ??? from VLDL, IDL AND LDL TO HDL in exchange for Cholesteryl Esters from HDL

A

TGs

25
Q

what is the cofactor for Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase?

A

APO A-1

25
Q

what tries to equilibrate the core lipids between the different lipoprotein classes = remodelling of lipoproteins?

A

cholesteryl ester transfer protein

25
Q

Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase is a hepatically formed enzyme tuat esterifies ??? free cholesterol on HDL particles = reverse cholesterol transport

A

plasma free cholesterol

26
Q

normal sized LDL has more cholesterol per particle than sdLDL but sdLDL gets into arterial wall, becomes trapped and causes ???

A

atherosclerosis

Pathophysiology MEDI212 (14 decks)

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