Gut Dysbiosis Flashcards
Dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is a term for a ??? or maladaptation on or inside the body, such as an impaired microbiota
microbial imbalance
TRUE or FALSE: Intestinal dysbiosis is a condition in which the bacteria in your gut are out of balance, and pathogenic (bad) bacteria begin to dominate
TRUE
Causes of dysbiosis DOES NOT include…
* repeated and inappropriate antibiotic exposure
* alcohol misuse
* inappropriate diet
* Stress
* protein overdose
protein overdose
Faecal Microbiota Transplant (stool transplant) helps to restore the microflora of what part of the gut system?
colonic microflora
stool transplants are used to treat:
- ulcerative colitis
- intestinal behcet’s disease
- recurrent C. difficile infections
- ???
IBS
faeces is dissolved in saline and filtered before fecal slurry is administered via ???
colonoscopy
stool transplants began in 4th century china and followed on as ??? which was drunk. Similarly, Bedouin (nomadic Arab people in deserts)
consumption of fresh warm camel faeces as a remedy for bacterial dysentery
yellow soup
stool transplant is 90% effective in severe cases with ??? bacteria in
whom antibiotics have not worked
C. difficile
Dysregulation of hedonic feeding behaviour (food addiction) plays a role in current obesity epidemic. ??? and its metabolites play a crucial role in satiety signals and eating behaviours
Gut microbiota
TRUE or FALSE: a healthy gut microbiota has no impact on insulin sensitivity
FALSE it does have an impact
Treatment of obesety and diabetes T2 with PROBIOTICS or PREBIOTICS (?) containing Lactobacillus gasseri = positive effect on body weight in overweight and obese subjects
PROBIOTICS
bariatric surgery, performed on obese, helps in weight loss by reducing the size of the stomach with a gastric band, through removal of a ???, or by resecting and re-routing the
small intestine to a small stomach pouch (gastric bypass surgery)
portion of the stomach
Metabolic improvements seen in days prior to weight loss (independent of weight loss) are possibly explained by ??? derived hormones (GLP-1, PYY, Oxyntomodulin (OXM)) which have
anorexic properties
intestinal-derived hormones
is Ghrelin suppressed after bariatric surgery?
yes
obese people have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance partly due to good or bad microbiome diversity in GI tract?
bad microbiome diversity
low gut diversity is linked to obesity, higher prevalence of ???, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low
grade inflammation
insulin resistance
Low gut diversity is characterised by pro-inflammatory properties, suggesting REDUCTION or INCREASE (?) in butyrate-producing bacteria and increase in mucin-degrading bacteria. this impairs gut integrity, causing low grade inflammation through endotoxemia
Reduction
in ??? there are elevated plasma levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
and a bacterial endotoxin derived from the membrane of gram negative bacteria AKA metabolic endotoxemia
diabetes type 2
TRUE or FALSE: Diabetes have more butyrate-producing bacteria in faeces compared to healthy
FALSE: they have less
in which gut related illness are there decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus?
IBS
in which gut related illness is there an increased Firmicutes: Bacteriodetes ratio?
IBS
TRUE or FALSE: Stress has been associated with reduced Lactobacilli
TRUE
The gut microbiota plays a role in which intestinal illness for the following symptoms:
- GI immune system activation and inflammation
– Membrane permeability
– Intestinal motility
– Gut-brain communication
– Gas production
IBS
in which gut related illness can high doses of certain FODMAPS result in increased luminal water in the small intestine, or increased gas production from bacterial fermentation = Pain, bloating and diarrhoea
IBS
