Terminology Flashcards
Sociological imagination
Transfers personal troubles and it social issues by showing us how society affects the experiences we have
Sociology
Study of human societies
Societies
People who live together and share many patterns of behavior
Social problem
A condition that undermines the well-being and hurts people by causing them harm or draining your spirit
Social constructionist approach
Social problems arise as people define conditions as undesirable and need of change
Claims making
Efforts by people to convince others that an issue should be defined as a social problem
Social movements
An organized effort at claims making tries to shape the way people think on an issue to encourage change
Theory
A statement of facts
Theoretical approach
Basic image of society that guides theory and research
Social institutions
Major spheres of social life organized to meet basic human need
Social pathology theory
Treat social problems as a destruction of societies normal operation
Social disorganization theory
Society breaks down door to rapid change
Social conflict approach
Siri let’s see society as divided by inequality
Feminism
Vertical movement at 6:05 quality of women
Survey
Search Method by questionnaire or interview
Field research
Observing people while joining them in every day activities
Experiment
Investigating cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions think of a lab
Secondary analysis
Makes use of data already collected by others
Social policy
Formal strategies that if that’s how society operates
Political spectrum
Range of political attitudes from left to right
Social issues
Political debates involving moral judgments about how people should live
Economic issues
Political debates about how society should produce and distribute material resources
Social stratification
Society system of ranking categories of people in a hierarchy reduce the social classes
Social classes
Categories of people who have similar access to resources and opportunities
Income
Salary for wages from a job earnings from investments
Progressive taxation
Policy that raises tax rates as income increases
Poverty line
Income level sit by the US government accounting of the
Poverty gap
Difference between the actual income of the typical poor and the official poverty line
Persistent poverty counties
Counties in the United States where the poverty rate has reached 20% and remain for 30 years
Homelessness
What up for people who like shelter and live on the
Social welfare programs
Organized effort by government and organizations to assassinated people
Culture of poverty
Cultural patterns that encourage properties way of life
Merit- ocracey
A system of social inequality related to a persons ability an effort
Social disorganization
Breakdown of social order caused by rapid change
Blaming the victim
Finding cause of the social problem in the behavior people who suffer from it
Cultural capital
Skills values attitudes and schooling and increase a persons chances of success
Patriarchy
Social pattern in which she males dominate females
Intersection theory
Interplay of race class and gender often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage
Capitalism
Economic system in which natural resources and producing goods and services are privately owned
Government
Formal organization that directs the political bias of society
Socialism
An economic system in which natural resources and producing goods and services are collectively old
State capitalism
Involves government working closely with large companies privately owned
Welfare capitalism
Provides extensive welfare programs funded by high taxes
Political economy
Leslie paint economic and political life of a nation or world or region
Democracy
Political system in which powers exercise by the people as a whole
Authoritarianism
Political system that’s nice popular participation in government
Monarchy
Political system in which a single-family rules generation to generation
Corporations
This is his with legal existence separate from that of their members an island onto its own
Monopoly
Domination of an entire market by a single company
Oligopoly
Domination of a market by a few companies more than one
Conglomerate
Giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations PepsiCo old is quaker oats Starbucks
Interlocking directorates
Social networks made up of people who service directors of several corporations at a time of the number of a board of directors and serve on the board of another board of directors think gordy
Special interest groups
Political alliance of people interested in some economic or social issue
Lobbying
Representatives of special interest groups that influence government officials
Political action committees PAC
Organizations form by special interest groups to raise and spend money in support of political goals
Gender gap
Women in men have different opinions about certain issues and support different candidates
Pluralist model
Seize power widely distributed among various groups and organizations in society
Military industrial complex
Close association of federal government and military and defense industries
Power elite model
Sees power as concentrate among members of small elite
Marxis political economy model
She’s concentration of wealth and power and society as a result from capitalism
Primary sector
Produces raw materials farming fishing ranching
Secondary sector
Workers transformer materials into finished products furniture
Service work
Sales consulting law advertising
Deindustrialization
Decline of industrial production occurred in the US after 1950
Globalization
Expansion of economic activity around the world with no regard for national borders
Primary labor market
Jobs at provide workers with good pay an extensive benefits
White collar professions
Lawyer position
Secondary labor market
Jobs provide workers with low pay And Few benefits
Alienation
Powerlessness in the workplace resulting in experience of isolation in Misery
Rationalization of society
Historical change from tradition to rationality of the typical way people think about the world
McDonaldization
Defining work in terms of the principles of efficiency predictability uniformity in automation Pushing a button
McJobs
Doing a series of simple tasks pushing buttons on a computer or machine repeated over and over
Gig economy
Arrangements by which companies in other organizations contract with independent workers were specific work over a short period of time Uber
Labor unions
Worker organizations that seek to improve rages and working condition including negotiations and strikes
