Chapter 9 Flashcards
Health
The state of complete physical mental and social well-being
Infant mortality rate
The number of babies of every thousand born to die before their first birthday
Means that a baby has at least a 99.5% chance of surviving the first year makes infant deaths quite rare
Life expectancy At birth
The number of years on an average people in a society can expect to live
Boys born in 2018 can live to 76 years girls born in that year can live 81 years in poor countries life expectancy is 57
Chronic disease
Illness that has a long-term development
Acute disease
An illness that strikes suddenly
Ebola malaria cholera
Social epidemiology
Study of how health and disease are distributed throughout society’s population
Epidemic
The rapid spreading of disease throughout a population Covid
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Most deadly pandemic
1/3 Of the population living with HIV reside in 10 nations and central and southern Africa
Socialist economies
Government controls most economic activity provide medical care and operate hospitals control everything
Barefoot doctors in China
They visited rule Village is providing basic health 2 millions of Chinese peasants
Capitalist economies
Distribute healthcare like other goods and services there a market system
Capitalist economy healthcare
Individuals purchase healthcare according to their particular needs and personal resources high cost of healthcare can exceed the rates of even fairly well off people
Sweden Great Britain Canada Japan
Socialist economy healthcare
Government provides medical services and operates all clinics and hospitals they are in control of everything people have to wait months stand in line for care
Socialize medicine
Medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employees and physicians
China and Russia
National health service
Funded by tax money provide scared all British citizens and pays for physician services in hospital stays
Japanese people have the highest life expectancy in the world
US treats medical care as a product to be purchased on the open market and is the only nation that does not provide government run system of healthcare
What is the state of health care in this nation
- US ranks below most other high income nations in healthcare
- US spends more money per person for healthcare than other country
- Health is uneequally distributed reflecting inequality
US ranks 37th for life expectancy is below Canada
Direct fee system
Medical care system in which patients or other insurance paid directly for the services of physicians and hospitals
People can obtain only the healthcare they can afford some having better care than others
Why has medical care become so expensive six reasons
Spread of private insurance More doctors who specialize High technology Lack of preventative care Aging population More lawsuits
Preadmission testing
Doctors order bloodwork x-rays and other test before deciding whether patient needs to be admitted
Outpatient treatment
Patient enters and leaves the hospital on the same day the procedure is done
Regulating the length of hospitalization
Limit the hospital stay for a particular condition
How can we hold down medical costs
Preadmission testing
Outpatient treatmen
Regulating the length of hospitalization
Health maintenance organization HMO
Private insurance organizations that provide medical care to people for a fixed fee
HMO’s try to keep cost down through manage care I controlling the treatment process and requiring preapproval from primary cares
Medicaid Medicare government insurance pays 37% of the country’s medical bills
Who pays the bills for Helthcare
Private insurance, HMOs, Medicaid, Medicare
Reason for people without insurance
Companies cutting back on benefits provided to workers
Lack of expansion of Medicaid programs for low income people
Affordable care act
Change the way the country pays for healthcare
Prenatal care
Healthcare for women during pregnancy
National Institute of health
Direct attention to women’s health issues
Anorexia
A form of compulsive dating that leads people to eat a little maintain healthy body weight
Bulimia
A disease that involves binging and purging cycles of eating large amounts of food and purging taking laxatives and vomiting to avoid gaining weight
Disability
Physical or mental condition that limits every day activities
Master status
Other people may attach such importance to the condition to overlook anything else that a person does
Americans with disabilities act
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities and employment in public accommodations
Increased demand for nursing
1Technological advances
2Rapid expansion in hospital outpatient services
3Increasing focus on preventative care
4The passage of affordable care act
5Aging population consuming more services
600,000 people died 4% of the number of confirmed infections for the US 141,000 or 4% of the confirmed infections died for COVID
Covid infections is half the number of infections involving aids
Differences between HIV and Covid
Covid is easily transmitted from person to person HIV is not
Covid infection is far less likely to cause death than HIV
Causes of COVID-19 and HIV or concentrated in different regions of the world
Mental disorder
Condition involving thinking mood or behavior that causes distress or reduces a persons ability to function in every day life
DSM – five
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
