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Social Problems > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of crime

A

Misdemeanors and felonies

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of violent crimes against people

A

Murder/Manslaughter
Aggravated assault
Forcible rape
Robbery

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3
Q

Norms

A

Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members

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4
Q

Laws

A

Stricter type of norm

A norm formally created through a societies political system

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5
Q

Civil law

A

Defines the legal Rights in relationships involving individuals and businesses
When one person sues another for loss or damage his car accident

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6
Q

Criminal law

A

Defines everyone’s responsibility to uphold the public order

A drunk driver rest for a criminal violation

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7
Q

Civil Law Involves claims of corn or loss to financial violations of

criminal law involved charges of wrong doing leading to arrest

A
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8
Q

Crime

A

A violation of a criminal law enacted by federal state or local government

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9
Q

2 categories of crime

A

Misdemeanor and felony

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10
Q

Misdemeanor

A

Is a less serious crime punishable by less than one year in prison

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11
Q

Felony

A

A more serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison

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12
Q

Decoding weather a person has committed a crime

A

Court must establish not only what the person did But a persons intent

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13
Q

Fear of crime is a social problem it limits the things people do places they go

A
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14
Q

Crime In the US uniform crime reports or UCR

A

Report includes data on felonies and serious crimes of two types crime against property and crime against persons

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15
Q

Crime against property

A

Crime that involves theft of property belongs to others burglary that car theft arson

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16
Q

Crime against persons

A

Crime that involves violence or the threat of violence against others murder aggravated assault rape robbery

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17
Q

Burglary

A

Unlawful entry of structure to commit serious crime or theft

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18
Q

Larceny theft

A

Un waffle taking carrying leading or writing away of property from the possession of another

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19
Q

Car theft

A

Best for attempted theft of a motor vehicle

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20
Q

Arson

A

I will fall or malicious burning or attempting to burn personal property of another

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21
Q

Murder or non-negligent manslaughter

A

The wheel for killing of one human being by another

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22
Q

Aggravated assault

A

Unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of a fucking severe or aggravated bodily injury

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23
Q

Forcible rape

A

Penetration no matter how slight The vagina or anus with anybody part or object oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without consent of the victim

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24
Q

2 reason’s to view uniform crime reports with caution problems with it

A

It underestimates the actual extent of street crime but with a focus on the street crying and gives advice picture of the typical Criminal as well

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25
Q

National crime victimization survey

A

Researchers ask a random sample of the US population whether they have been victims of the series crime within a year

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26
Q

Violent crime account for

A

14% of all serious offenses

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27
Q

Crimes against property

A

Account for 86%

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28
Q

What accounts for the drop and crime rates in the 1980s through 2018

A

Strong economy during 1990
Drop in the use of drugs
Hiring more police
Tougher sentences

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29
Q

What accounted for violent crimes spiking upward

A

Mass Protest against police violence directed against African-Americans

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30
Q

Cleared

A

Meaning That police arrested someone for the crime whether or not that person was later guilty

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31
Q

Stalking

A

Repeated effort by someone to establish or reestablish relationship against the will of the victim

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32
Q

1/3 of rape victims report the crime

A
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33
Q

Statutory rape

A

Sex with a minor when no force is used

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34
Q

Aggravated assault accounts for 67% of all violent crimes and rape of

A
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35
Q

Who commits crimes

A

Age-14-24 older teens
Men
Low income / high income
Whites/blacks

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36
Q

Mass incarceration

A

Missing African American men

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37
Q

Why Does Ray’s play a large part in the crime picture

A

Blacks have a high poverty rate
High arrest rates among people of color
Involves family patterns of single-parent families mostly African-American famlies

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38
Q

Juvenile delinquency

A

Violation of the law by young people

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39
Q

Juvenile courts

A

Focus on helping children straighten out rather than simply punishing them

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40
Q

Goal of the juvenile justice system

A

Protect the community and serve the best interest of the youth offenders

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41
Q

Hate crime

A

Criminal offense against a person property or society motivated by the offenders bias against race religion disability sex orientation and gender identity or ethnicity or national origin

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42
Q

Mathew Shepard james Byrd

He crimes prevention act

A

Give the federal government power to investigate and prosecute hate crimes

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43
Q

Why are hate crimes not reported

A

Police organizations do not recorder submit a crime data

Victims are reluctant to report their victimization

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44
Q

Hate crimes law critics

A

Search acts are already against the law so laws are necessary laws end up finishing peoples attitudes towards others why not control what we do and think

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45
Q

Supporters of hate crime law

A

Different must take extra steps to predict categories of people or targets of hostility in violence hate crimes don’t just harm single victim but inflame entire communities

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46
Q

White collar crime

A

Illegal activities conducted by people of high social position during the course of their employment or regular business activities Bernard Madoff

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47
Q

Edwin sutherland

A

Pioneered the study of white-collar crime noted the crimes ranging from fraud to insider trading are far more common in people imagine

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48
Q

Corporate crime

A

An illegal at committed by a corporation or by persons acting on its behalf

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49
Q

Gross negligence

A

Example of corporate crime knowingly producing a faulty dangerous product

50
Q

Organized crime

A

Is a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services
Goods and services like gambling sex and drugs

51
Q

La cosa Nostra (our thing)

A

Mafia ro g prohibition illegally Reporting in producing and distributing Liquor to the public

52
Q

Racketeer influenced andcorrupt organization act

A

Gives police the authority to seize property such as cars boats homes used in the commission of crimes involving gambling prostitution or legal drugs

53
Q

Six great triads in china

A

Triads Do you want stolen cars drugs and weapons smuggling illegal immigrants

54
Q

Victimless crimes

A

Offenses that directly harm only the person who commits them

55
Q

Public order crimes Also known as victimless crimes

A

The most crime includes gambling prostitution public drunkenness and drug use

56
Q

Violence

A

Behavior that causes injury to people or damage to property

57
Q

When does violence Become a social problem

A

Violence is or not a problem has less to do with the Wailin at self and more to do with how actions to find buy some audienceWhat do the actors intend by their actions
Does the violence conform Or violate social norms and values
Violence support or threaten the social order
Violence committed by or against the government

58
Q

Institutional violence

A

Violence carried out by government representatives under the law

59
Q

Anti-Institutional violence

A

Violence directed against the government in violation of the law

60
Q

Henry kempe

A

Research on child abuse as a social problem

61
Q

Mass murder

A

Is an intentional unlawful killing of three or more people at one time and place Las Vegas massacre

62
Q

What do mass murders have in common

A 
Men  
Believe in the rightness of their cause
Disturbed individuals 
Who have been rejected 
Who have access to guns
63
Q

Serial murderer

A

The killing of several people by one offender over a period of time
Commits One murder and then wait for a week or month for killing again

64
Q

What do we know about serial killers

A

Mentally ill suffering from psychotic disorders
Receive messages urging them to kill people and some specific category
Violent great pleasure and putting others in fear

65
Q

You gangs

A

Groups of young people who identify with one another and with particular territory

66
Q

Who is likely to join a gang

A

For single-parent families living in a neighborhood in Pirates of crime and drug abuse and few available

67
Q

Violence is also fueled by use of alcohol and other drugs

A
68
Q

Criminal justice system

A

Societies use of due process Involving police courts punishment to enforce the law

69
Q

Due process

A

Means that the criminal justice system operate according to the law

70
Q

The six factors that decide an arrest

A 
How serious is the crime
What does the victim want
Is the suspect Coopertive
Does the suspect have a record
Are bystanders watching
What is the suspects race
71
Q

2 Recent changes in police work that contribute to the downturning crime rates

A

Community policing

Innovation in police work is a zero tolerance policy

72
Q

Community policing

A

Makes police more visible to the public by moving some officers from cars to bicycle or foot

73
Q

Zero tolerance policy

A

At least respond to any offense no matter how minor

74
Q

Adversarial process

A

Meaning that the prosecutor presents the states case against the defendant defendants attorney presents a defense against the chargers

75
Q

Plea-bargaining

A

Negotiation in which the state reduces a defendants charge in exchange for a guilty plea save time and expense of a trial

76
Q

Three strikes and you’re out law

A

Laws that require a life sentence for a third felony conviction

77
Q

Reason for Increasing prison population

A

Massive incarceration

78
Q

What are the four justifications for punishing convicted offenders

A

Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, suicidal protection

79
Q

Retribution

A

Moral vengeance by which society Inflicts on the offender suffering comparable to that caused by the events And Eye for an eye

80
Q

Deterrence

A

Using punishment to discourage further crime

81
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Reforming an offender to prevent future offenses

Differs from retribution and deterrence because it is built on positive intention

82
Q

Societal protection

A

Protecting the public by using incarceration or execution to prevent an offender from committing further offenses

83
Q

Criminal recidivism

A

Litter offenses by people previously convicted of crimes

84
Q

How does prison make crime worse

A

It puts offenders in jail with other offenders stigma of being an ex-con likes getting a job harder

85
Q

First step act in 2018

A

Walks back the policy of long mandatory sentences allows prisoners to serve last time for good behavior

86
Q

Restorative justice

A

A response to crime seeking to restore the well-being of the victim offender and larger communities that has been lost to the crime

87
Q

Community-based corrections

A

Correctional programs that take place in local communities rather than behind prison walls

88
Q

Advantages of community-based corrections

A

Including lower cost reducing prison overcrowding supervising convicted offenders without applying the stigma that comes with imprisonment

89
Q

Probation

A

Policy of leading a convicted offenders stay in the community with regular supervision under conditions imposed by the court

90
Q

Shock probation

A

Judge imposes a prison sentence with an orders that only part of the sentence be served in prison and the rest served in the local community while on probation

91
Q

Parole

A

Policy of releasing inmates from presents are remaining sentences under supervision in the local community

92
Q

Psychological study of crime focuses on individual traits of offenders abnormal personalities

A
93
Q

Walter reckless

Simon dintz

A

Explained mail delinquency in terms of a boys degree of moral conscience

94
Q

Containment theory

A

Reckless and dintz Analysis of delinquency good boys versus bad boys

95
Q

Siri psychopaths apparently do not feel guilt or shame and show little fear of punishment criticism

A

First Mini serious crimes are committed by people who are quite normal
Second psychological theories focus on the individual ignoring why a society to find some people as rule breakers

96
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

Crime exist everywhere crime is somehow be useful to society identify the four functions of crime

97
Q

Four functions of crime

Emile Durkheim

A

Crime affirms a societies norms and values
Recognizing crime helps everyone clarify the boundary between right and wrong
Reacting to crime did brings people together
Crime encourages social change

98
Q

Robert Merton

A

Strain theory Ru breaking depends on first whether or not people except society schools second whether or not society provides people with the opportunity to reach these schools

99
Q

Written five specific outcomes

A

Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion

100
Q

Richard cloward loyd ohlin

A

Extended Mertens theory patterns of conformity and criminality are likely to reflect what they call peoples relative opportunity structure

101
Q

Cloward and ohlin Legitimate opportunity but also access to illegitimate opportunity as a chance to learn how to carry out crime

A
102
Q

Travis hirschi Control theory four points

A

Attachment to other people
Access to conventional opportunity
Involvement in conventional activities
Belief in the rightness of cultural norms and values

103
Q

Strengths of structural functional theories lies in showing that crime and other forms of deviance have some positive consequences for the operation of society we must look at society itself not individuals

A
104
Q

Structural functional theory on crime

A

Criminal and violent behavior is learned by individuals and the same way that people learn everything else

105
Q

Social conflict analysis Theory on crime

A

How social inequality shapes who and what is defined as a criminal And the criminal justice system serves the interest of the powerful population

106
Q

Karl Marx

A

Legal system protects the property of the capitals class Lower classmen turn to crime to survive

107
Q

Feminist theory on crime

A

Send me his claim that women with the crime including fraud drug dealing in prostitution to increase their opportunity to make a living

108
Q

Durkheim structural functionalism

A

As a society define crime in affirms norms and values draws the line between right and wrong brings people together and encourages social change

109
Q

Merton Structural functional

A

Strain theory wink types of rule breaking into a societies goals and the means available to attain them

110
Q

Cloward &ohlins Structural functional

A

Opportunity structure is there a link crime and legitimate an illegitimate opportunity

111
Q

Hirschi’s Structural functional

A

Control theory states that strong social ties discourage crime

112
Q

Sutherland Symbolic interaction theory

A

Differential association theory links crime And violence to patterns of learning

113
Q

Labeling theory symbolic interaction

A

Claims that rule breaking results from an audience to find some action in that way

114
Q

Lemert Symbolic interaction

A

Explains her primary deviance can lead to secondary deviance and a deviant identity

115
Q

Goffman Symbolic interaction

A

Pointed out that a deviant identity to be a powerful stigma

116
Q

Marx’s Social conflict

A

You the legal system as a way for capitalist to protect their wealth criminals are those who threaten capitalism

117
Q

Feminist theory

A

Points to gender inequality has 14 for women to engage in crime mail Powers evident in the operation of the criminal justice system

118
Q

Radical left you on crime

A

Economic inequality of capital society promotes criminal activity by the end of class Criminal justice system protects capital elites

119
Q

Liberal view on crime

A

Lack of jobs is the major factor that forces people to break the law to survive and support their families

120
Q

Conservative view on prime

A

Moral order of society is breaking down because of the decline of two parents family we getting religious values and violence in the mass media children are being are not taught to behave responsibly

121
Q

Far right view on crime

A

Decline of US societies do not only two week criminal justice system but also to increasing racial and ethnic diversity

Social Problems (16 decks)

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