Chapter 3 Flashcards
Race
Category ofPeople who share biological traits that members of society think are important
When was the concept of race invented
Centuries ago as global trade brought the worlds people into contact with other people of diversity
Caucasoid
European scientist name for people People of European and west Asia
Designate people of light skin fine hair
Negroid
European scientists category for dark skin course hair
Mongoloid
European scientist name for people with yellow or brown skin folds in eyelids
Red-savages
Colonists name for native americans
Ethnicity
Shared cultural heritage which involves common ancestors language and religion
Difference between race and ethnic city
Race is about biological traits Ethnicity is a matter of culture They’re different but can go together ex: Korean Americans
Minority
People identified by physical cultural traits that a society subject to disadvantage
Distinctive identity
Physical traits which are difficult to change
Characteristics of minorities
Visability
Social disadvantage
Becoming majority of the population
White privilege
White people relative to those in my Nordie categories enjoy social advantages
The great immigration
From 1865 to 1914 try to 25,000,000 Immigrants to factory jobs created by the industrial revolution
Immigration act of 1924
Immigration and created a quota system that limited the number of immigrants entering the US
Genocide
The systematic killing of one category of people by another
Segregation
Physical and social separation of categories of people
Hyper segregation
Extreme racial segregation that consists of geographical grouping of a racial group for example African-Americans have a little contact with people outside of their community
Rosa Parks
Sparked a social movement to insigrogation on buses and publicly Transportation throughout the south
Assimilation
The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population
Pluralism
People of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing
Ex: The US is pluralistic to the extent that officially at least all people have equal standing under the law
Trail of tears
Thousands of death among the Cherokee Indian nations from being forcibly removed
Emancipation proclamation
Declared the abolition of slavery
Jim Crow laws
Barred Black people from voting and sitting on juries and cold for segregated trains restaurant hotels in public places
Civil rights act of 1964
Prohibiting segregation appointment in public accommodations
The voting Rights act of 1965
Banning voting requirements that prevented African-Americans from having a political voice
Civil rights act of 1968
Outlawed discrimination in housing
Asian Americans are the fastest increasing racial or a category in the US population
Immigration from China and Japan to North America began in 1849 win the gold rush in California created the demand for labor’s
Chinese exclusion act
When did the flow of new immigrants from China This law caused the Asian population in the US to decline
Arab
Refers To an ethnic category
Muslim
Refers to a follower of Islam
Prejudice
A rigid and unfounded generalization about an entire category of people Prejudgment an attitude judging someone before you meet them
Stereotype
An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category describe a category people in a negative trend
What is the difference between prejudice and stereotypes
Prejudice preconceived opinion not based on reason
Stereotype fixed image belief widely held
Racism
People of the some Racial category or less were then or even biologically inferior to others
I’m better than you
Emory Bogardus
Developed the social distance scale to measure prejudice most students at US universities in schools
Vincent Parrillo
Christopher donoghue
Repeated bogardus study and found 3 things
Long-term trend students are more excepting of all minorities
Today’s students the less difference between the various minorities
Climate of concern over terrorism in the US probably has increased prejudice against Arabs and Muslims
Prejudice can be described as
Structural that is built into operation of society itself
Stokely Carmichael
Charles Hamilton
Described institutional raxism
Institutional racism
Racism at work in the operation of social institutions including economy schools hospitals the military in criminal justice system
Whenever race go to the operation of any social institution to the disadvantage of the minority
Racial profiling
Judges prosecutor police or others and cower consider race or ethnicity to be a sign of probable guilt is also institutional racism
What causes people to become prejudice
Personality of individuals and structure of society itself
T.w Adorno and colleagues
Claimed that prejudice a strong and people with an authoritarian personality
Scapegoat theory
People director hostility at safe less powerful target such as undocumented immigrants for minorities or government blaming someone for troubles that are not their fault
Cultural theory
Prejudices built into our culture
Multiculturalism
Educational programs designed to recognize cultural diversity in the US and come out respect for all cultural traditions
Anglicization
Trying to become more like privileged white Anglo-Saxon protestants
Eurocentrisim
Practice of using European English cultural standards to judge everyone
E pluribus unum
Latin phrase on us currency means
Out of many,one
Discrimination
Unequal treatment of various categories of people
What is the difference between discrimination and prejudice
Prejudice as a matter of attitudes discrimination is a matter of actions
Institutional discrimination
Discrimination that is built into operation of social institutions including economy schools and legal system ex: Trading black and white children differently by placing them in separate schools
Black Lives Matter
A police violence directed against people of color and national issue
Prejudice and discrimination rainforece each other forming structure of social inequality
How can prejudice lead to discrimination
If why police officers think that most African-Americans are criminals they may engage in racial profiling stopping white motorist and arresting them that’s over criminalizes African-Americans
Microaggression
Is subtle may appear to be minor but its affects on Are big
Everyday smal intentionall acts of aggression that communicate bias
Chester M Pierce
Used the concept of micro aggression
Affirmative action
Policies intended to improve the social standing of minority subject to pass prejudice and discrimination
Hiring qualified minority applicants more of them
Quota system
Employers are colleges set aside a certain number of places for minorities
University of California medical collegeregents versus bakke
Bakke Was denied a place at the California University medical school because of spots has being set aside for minorities
Fatalism Oscar Lewis
Leads people to accept the situation and to make assumptions that life is not likely to get better
Joan albon
Oppositional culture
Discourages members from excelling by defining school achievement as acting white
Charles murray
Document is widespread pessimism about the future as well and come right at the communities
Double consciousness
A sense of always looking At oneself through the eyes of others measuring one solve by the tape of the world
W.E.B du bois
Up with souls of the black folk even though slaveries gone most people of color were still living as second class citizens
Symbolic interaction theory
Investigates how are used color in the process of finding ourselves and evaluating other people recent Nisidia keep building blocks of reality
Social conflict Theory
Claims that unequal standing of minorities reflects the organization of society itself
Fried rich engles
Colleague of marx Both pointed out the main reason US workers had not come together to form socialist movement was racial and ethnic diversity of the US
Criticisms of social conflict theory
painting minorities as victims runs the risk of taking away peoples responsibility for their own lives ignores the significance strides this nation has made over many decades and dealing with the
Structural functional theory racial and ethnic inequality
Highlights the importance of culture to social standing different culture orientations that attract patterns of education
Culture of poverty
Structural functional
Thesis developed by Oscar Lewis explains why some low income people have a fatalistic Viewhave their situation
Structural functional a racial ethnic differences helpful or harmful to society
Ethnic differences are cultural and a source of identity and pride for most people contrary traditional or fatalistic cultural orientations can be a barrier to treatment for some people
Symbolic interaction theory racial and ethnic inequality
Focuses on how people experience society in their every day lives how it affects the way we evaluate ourselves and others
W.e.b du bois
Symbolic interactionist
Claimed that most people consider race a basic element is social identity is a disadvantage of people of color
Symbolic interaction or racial and ethnic differences helpful or harmful to society
She extend that race worthness becomes a mass for status that values people these social structures take away from our common humanity
Social construct Theory racial and ethnic inequalities
Racing with missing to class all art and elements of social stratification
Marx and engles
Social conflict theorists
Claim that race and ethnic city divided the working class
Multicultural theory
Part of social conflict theory
Claims that our culture has a European bias that pushes minorities away
Social conflict theory or ethnic differences helpful or harmful to society
Elements of social stratification raisin in the sun service interest of the leads are harmful to the operation of suicide
Social stratification
Society categorizing of its people and groups based on factors such as well income education social factors
The trump effect
A rising pattern of hate that some describe
What grew the African-American middle class
Affirmative action
Radical left view on racial and ethnic inequality Problem
Striking in a quality and racism car built into the very institution of US society
Radical left racial and ethnic inequality solution
There must be a fundamental change in economic political and social institution to illuminate racial hierarchy
Liberal view racial ethnic inequality problem
Social and economic inequality places minorities at the margins of US society
Liberal view ethnic and racial inequality solution
Government programs must attack prejudice and discrimination and provide assistance
Far right Racial ethnic and a quality problem
Far right embraces white supremacy defining minorities as a social problems
Conservative views racial and ethnic inquality Problem
Support equality before the law to believe that all people make choices and must take responsibility for their own social service
Conservative views racial and ethnic inequality solution
All people need to treat others as individuals some minorities must overcome cultural disadvantages their individual effort to realize how achievement
