Termen H6

Question 1

injunctive norm

Answer 1

normative statement specifying what a person should do or not do

Question 2

social norm

Answer 2

informal, normative statement specifying what a person should or should not do

Question 3

social sanction

Answer 3

punishment for behavior diverging from social norms

Question 4

external sanction

Answer 4

sanctions imposed by third parties, i.e., other people of the group in which the social norm applies

Question 5

third party

Answer 5

other members of the same group to which certain norms apply

Question 6

social approval

Answer 6

rewards and appreciation by other group members for following social norms

Question 7

monitoring

Answer 7

the behavior of an individual within a group is visible to third parties

Question 8

internalized norm (moral norm)

Answer 8

norm that has become part of people’s intrinsic set of things one should do or prefer to do

Question 9

value

Answer 9

things that people want and appreciate

Question 10

internal sanction

Answer 10

feeling of shame, guilt and bad conscience resulting from deviation from internalized norms

Question 11

habitus

Answer 11

behavioral dispositions based on cognitions, moral norms, values and cultural scripts

Question 12

legal norm (law)

Answer 12

formal, normative statement specifying what a person should do or not do

Question 13

formal sanction

Answer 13

punishment for behavior diverging from legal norms

Question 14

dominant strategy

Answer 14

strategy that is favorable to choose irrespective of what other people do

Question 15

free-ride

Answer 15

type of behavior in which one prefers personal gains above the interest of the group

Question 16

cooperation problem (social dilemma)

Answer 16

certain condition in which rational self-interest behavior results in collective problems

Question 17

public good

Answer 17

good that serves collective benefits, such as national safety and environmental protection

Question 18

coordination problem

Answer 18

certain condition in which people want to do the same thing, but are uncertain about the behavior of each other

Question 19

descriptive norm

Answer 19

statement specifying what a person is expected to do

Question 20

decree

Answer 20

top-down change in descriptive norm

Question 21

unpopular norm

Answer 21

norm which is not serving collective benefits

Question 22

cultural maladaptation

Answer 22

norms and opinions which do not fit their social environment well

Question 23

cultural inertia

Answer 23

time-lag between changing social conditions and adapting new norms and opinions

Question 24

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 24

situation in which the majority of people privately reject a certain norm, but incorrectly believe that others privately support the norm

Question 25

bystander effect

Answer 25

phenomenon in which people are less likely to help other people in a critical situation when passive bystanders are present

Question 26

spiral of silence

Answer 26

people’s tendency to remain silent and not express their private preference when they believe that their private preferences deviate from the majority’s preferences