Termen H6 Flashcards
injunctive norm
normative statement specifying what a person should do or not do
social norm
informal, normative statement specifying what a person should or should not do
social sanction
punishment for behavior diverging from social norms
external sanction
sanctions imposed by third parties, i.e., other people of the group in which the social norm applies
third party
other members of the same group to which certain norms apply
social approval
rewards and appreciation by other group members for following social norms
monitoring
the behavior of an individual within a group is visible to third parties
internalized norm (moral norm)
norm that has become part of people’s intrinsic set of things one should do or prefer to do
value
things that people want and appreciate
internal sanction
feeling of shame, guilt and bad conscience resulting from deviation from internalized norms
habitus
behavioral dispositions based on cognitions, moral norms, values and cultural scripts
legal norm (law)
formal, normative statement specifying what a person should do or not do
formal sanction
punishment for behavior diverging from legal norms
dominant strategy
strategy that is favorable to choose irrespective of what other people do
free-ride
type of behavior in which one prefers personal gains above the interest of the group
cooperation problem (social dilemma)
certain condition in which rational self-interest behavior results in collective problems
public good
good that serves collective benefits, such as national safety and environmental protection
coordination problem
certain condition in which people want to do the same thing, but are uncertain about the behavior of each other
descriptive norm
statement specifying what a person is expected to do
decree
top-down change in descriptive norm
unpopular norm
norm which is not serving collective benefits
cultural maladaptation
norms and opinions which do not fit their social environment well
cultural inertia
time-lag between changing social conditions and adapting new norms and opinions
pluralistic ignorance
situation in which the majority of people privately reject a certain norm, but incorrectly believe that others privately support the norm
bystander effect
phenomenon in which people are less likely to help other people in a critical situation when passive bystanders are present
spiral of silence
people’s tendency to remain silent and not express their private preference when they believe that their private preferences deviate from the majority’s preferences
