Termen H12

Question 1

socio-economic progress

Answer 1

progress in wealth, health, peace and safety

Question 2

Weber’s rationalization hypothesis

Answer 2

over time, cultures have become more and more rational, i.e., an increase in the rationality of opinions and corresponding products and practices

Question 3

flynn effect

Answer 3

gradual increase in skills and abilities of populations in developed countries between 1930 and 1995

Question 4

modernization

Answer 4

co-occurring and interrelated process of rationalization and socio-economic progress

Question 5

individualism (emancipative values)

Answer 5

individualistic values, such as emphasis on autonomy and personal choice

Question 6

collectivism

Answer 6

collectivistic values, such as emphasis on group loyalty and authority

Question 7

modernization and individualism proposition

Answer 7

the higher the level of modernity in a society, the more widespread are individualistic values in that society

Question 8

rights revolution

Answer 8

increase of human rights in the second half of the 20th century

Question 9

demographic transition

Answer 9

transition within a population from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality

Question 10

second demographic transition

Answer 10

change within a population towards extremely low fertility levels

Question 11

optimism gap

Answer 11

situation in which people are more positive about their personal lives than they are about society

Question 12

availability heuristic

Answer 12

cognitive bias that people’s judgment of the probability of events, or the frequency of a kind of thing, depends on the ease with which people can think of certain information

Question 13

knowledge transmission

Answer 13

1. one-to-one
2. one-to-many
3. many-to-many

Question 14

vertical transmission

Answer 14

knowledge transmitted from parents to children, from one generation to the next generation

Question 15

horizontal transmission

Answer 15

knowledge transmitted within generations