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Science > Term 3 Reproduction > Flashcards

Term 3 Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Making more copies of the original organism, they are identical clones

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction including two individuals, creates variation in offspring

Parents reproductive cells are called GAMETES that join together to form offspring - the egg and the sperm

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3
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division for growth and repair

5 stages in mitosis

Chromosomes double and stay joined

Cells split into two identical diploid cells
Diploid cells also called daughter cells

Splitting of the cells is calls cytokinesis or cell cleavage

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4
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division for producing gametes, occurs in the testis and ovaries and makes cells with half the original chromosomes

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5
Q

Binary fusion

A

The way that bacteria reproduce, very similar to mitotis

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6
Q

Budding

A

The way that single felled called fungi like yeast reproduce

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7
Q

Tubers

A

An underground nutrient storage that some plants use

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8
Q

Corms

A

Like tubers except grows exactly next to the parent plant system

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9
Q

Germination

A

The name of the process when seeds start to grow

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10
Q

The chemical that acts as messengers in the living things

A

Hormones

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11
Q

Runners

A

Some plants are able to send out a shoot that touches the ground and grows its own roots.

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12
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Some organisms can lay eggs that will hatch into identical copies of the parent organism

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13
Q

Seedling

A

When the first leaves and the stem appears above the soil, this is called seeding

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14
Q

Mature plant

A

The seeding will continue to grow into a full mature plant with leaves,roots and stems

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15
Q

Flowering

A

The mature plant will grow flowers. Through pollination, the flowers will produce seeds

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16
Q

Stamen

A

Is the male part of the plant

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17
Q

Carpel

A

The female part of the plant

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18
Q

Pollination

A

When the pollen grain gets to the stigma of the flower.

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19
Q

Bladder

A

Contains urine, not involved in sexual reproduction

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20
Q

Penis

A

Becomes erect during arousal enabling it to enter the vagina

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21
Q

Vas deferens

A

The tube the sperm moves through to get to the urethra

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22
Q

Prostate gland

A

Responsible for making some of the components of semen

23
Q

Testis

A

Produce males gemetes, sperm through meiosis

24
Q

Scrotum

A

Houses testis, keeps the temperature right for making sperm

25
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

Makes some of the fluids in semen

26
Q

receives penis during sexual intercouse

A

Vagina

27
Q

Ovary

A

Female egg

28
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The final stage of splitting cells into two in mitosis

Also called cell cleavage

29
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction

A

Saves energy - no mate needed

Much faster because can do when conditions are good

30
Q

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

No variation in offspring so all could get disease

Limited ability to adapt to environmental changes

31
Q

Advantages of sexual reproduction

A

Genetic variation in offspring eg different children

Species can adapt to environmental changes

32
Q

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

Uses more energy for idniduuals

Risk of sexually transmitted disease

33
Q

What is it called when gametes (egg and sperm) join together ?

A

FUSE to form a ZYGOTE

34
Q

What is a zygote

A

The first cell produced by ferilisation- when the gametes (egg and sperm) fuse

35
Q

5 life cycles stages of a plant

A 
Seed
Young plant
Mature plant
Flower
Fruit
36
Q

3 things needed for a seed to germinate

A

Oxygen
Water
Correct temperature

37
Q

What is it called when a seed grows and turns into a seedling ?

A

Germination - first grows roots (radicle) and then leaves and stem (plumule)

38
Q

What is the purpose of fruit on a plant ?

A

Fruit comes from the ovary of a flower

Purpose to attract an animal to eat the fruit and then help spread the seeds of the plant to other areas

39
Q

What is the female part of a plant called

A

Carpel - made up of stigma style and ovary

40
Q

What is the male part of a plant called

A

Stamen in two parts:

  • anther which makes the pollen
  • filament
41
Q

What is pollenisation

A

When a pollen grains gets to the stigma of a flower

42
Q

What is fertilisation in a plant ?

A

When the pollen tube has grown through the STYLE and reaches the OVULE - then it’s fuses with the OVUM

43
Q

Name two types of pollination

A

Insect pollination

Wind pollination

44
Q

Names feature of insect/animal pollination

A 
Brightly coloured flowers 
Distinctive smell or scent
Nectar 
Larger flowers
Less pollen than wind pollination plants
45
Q

Features of wind pollinated flowers

A 
Tend to be green
Anthers are exposed to catch the wind
No nectar
No scenes
Large amounts pollen
46
Q

Where does a fertilised egg implant itself ?

A

Into the thick bloody wall of the uterus

47
Q

What is the placenta?

A

A network of blood vessels that form a disk in the uterus that let nutrients pass from the mother to the foetus

48
Q

What is the fertilised egg called

A

A zygote

49
Q

How long is a pregnancy for

A

9 months

50
Q

How is a baby born

A

Muscular contractions start and the baby is pushed out through the cervix and vagina to be born

51
Q

What is testosterone

A

The male hormone

52
Q

What is estrogen

A

The female hormone

53
Q

What are some signs of male puberty

A 
Lower voice
Hair on chest face legs etc 
Body gets more muscular
Penis gets larger
Testes start to produce sperm
54
Q

Characteristics of female puberty

A

Breasts develop
Hair under arms and in public area
Hips get wider
Ovaries begin to release eggs and periods start (menstration)

Science (16 decks)

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