Form 4 Term 1 Biology Unit 15 - Cells Membranes and Movement Flashcards
Osmosis
MOVES WATER MOLEULeS
DOESNT NEED EERGY
net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to area of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane
diffusion
net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to area of low concentration
eg packed together to spread out
solid diffusing out to gas
active transport
movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to an region of higher concentration using energy
process requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient (like up a hill)
photosynthesis
process by which plants and some bacteria synthesis food molecules which they use for respiration
process needs energy - usually from the sun
equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide plus water [sunlight and chlorophyl] - equals glucose and oxygen
what do you need in a cell for photosynthesise
chlorophyl
respiration
chemical processes that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy
what carries oxygen arounds you blood
haemoglobin
gas exchange
process where gas and oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide across a membrane surface
main part of animal cells
nucleus, cell membrane. cytoplasm
animal cells do not have ….
a cell wall
no chloroplast - so no photosynthesis
living organisms have 7 characteristics
MRSGREN
what’s only in plant cells not animal cells
cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole
plus: cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm
cytoplasm
where chemical reactions happen - contains organelles
nucleus
contents the genetic material - DNA
controls the entire cell
cell membrane
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
cell wall
made from cellulose and strengthens the cell and supports the plant
mitochondria
where energy is released in respiration
ribosomes
where protein synthesis happens
chloroplast
contains green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs the light in photosynthesis
what is tissue
made of group of cells of similar structure an function
examples of tissue
muscles, intestine, lining of your lungs
organs
made of different tissues all working together
example of organs
heart lung stomach brain
leaf or root
example of organ system of different organs working together
digestive system
respitatory system
nervous systems
reproductiive systems
3 processes contribute to movement of substances and out of cells
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
examples of diffusion in your body
respiratory system - high CO2 in blood as it returns to lungs - then get oxygen and returns to body with high levels of CO2
SUBSTANCES MOVED WITH DIFFUSION - CO2 oxyegnet water food, urea , wastes
DOESNT NEED ENERGY
example of active transport in plants
NEEDS ENERGY active transport when plant roots “soak up” mineral ions it needs from the soil around it
example of active transport in animals/humans
NEEDS ENERGY
movement of glucose molecules from the gut into intestinal cells and then into the blood.
gas exchange system in humans or animals
physical process in which gas and oxygen (need for respiration) is EXCHANGED for carbon dioxide (produced in respiration )
means the EXCHANGE of oxygen gas for Carbon dioxide gas - uses you diaphragm and other muscles to breath
INHALING OXYGEN
EXHALE /expiration of CO2 - relaxing of diaphragm
respiration is a chemical process
release HEAT energy - hot breath - exothermic process
happens in your cells - different to breathing
oxygen moves out of the capillaries by the process of
diffusion
how do capillaries enable sustances to pass through their wall s
capillaries have thin walls - they are only one cell thick
what organs and structures are involved in the gas exchange system (start at top of body )
nose mouth trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli lungs intercostal muscles the pleural membrane
what protects the lungs
RIBS AND RIB MUSCLES
what organs are used in the human respiratory system
lungs and heart
what is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water _ energy
C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6 H20 + energy released
describe how blood circulates starting with the heart
heart - arteries - capillary network within an organism - vein - heart
3 types of blood vessels
arteries =- carry blood from heart - thick muscles walls - strong because of presurre from heart
veins - carry blood from organs towards the heart - thinner with valves to prevent back flow of blood
capillaries - make up most of the body blood vessels - network in all tissue - tiny with very thin walls
in your heart what do left and right atria (atrium) do
collect the blood going FROM your lungs and body
A for Atrium A for AWAY FROM
in your heart what do the left and right ventricles do
VENTRICLES - TO THE HEART (T = TOWARDS)
have thick muscular walls for pumping blood TO the lungs and from the body
what do valves do in your heart
stop the blood flowing back into the auricles - means keep the blood flowing the one way like a circuit
4 types of things in your blood
platelets
plasma
white blood cells
red blood cells
what carries oxygen in your blood
the haemoglobin in your red blood cells
what do white blood cells do
carry antibodies to fight disease
what is plasma in your blood
removes the waste Co2 , carries water
what do platelets your blood do
cause your blood to clot
there is a metal in your blood. What is it and where is it
Iron
in the haemoglobin
explain difference gas exchange, respiration and breathing
gas exchange is the exchange of Co2 to Oxygen
respiration is a chemical process in your cells
breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling using your nose mouth diaphragm etc
