Form 4 Term 1 Biology Unit 15 - Cells Membranes and Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

Osmosis

A

MOVES WATER MOLEULeS
DOESNT NEED EERGY
net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to area of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

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2
Q

diffusion

A

net movement of particles from areas of high concentration to area of low concentration
eg packed together to spread out
solid diffusing out to gas

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3
Q

active transport

A

movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to an region of higher concentration using energy

process requires energy to move molecules against concentration gradient (like up a hill)

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4
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by which plants and some bacteria synthesis food molecules which they use for respiration

process needs energy - usually from the sun

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5
Q

equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide plus water [sunlight and chlorophyl] - equals glucose and oxygen

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6
Q

what do you need in a cell for photosynthesise

A

chlorophyl

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7
Q

respiration

A

chemical processes that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

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8
Q

what carries oxygen arounds you blood

A

haemoglobin

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9
Q

gas exchange

A

process where gas and oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide across a membrane surface

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10
Q

main part of animal cells

A

nucleus, cell membrane. cytoplasm

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11
Q

animal cells do not have ….

A

a cell wall

no chloroplast - so no photosynthesis

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12
Q

living organisms have 7 characteristics

A

MRSGREN

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13
Q

what’s only in plant cells not animal cells

A

cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole

plus: cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm

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14
Q

cytoplasm

A

where chemical reactions happen - contains organelles

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15
Q

nucleus

A

contents the genetic material - DNA

controls the entire cell

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16
Q

cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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17
Q

cell wall

A

made from cellulose and strengthens the cell and supports the plant

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18
Q

mitochondria

A

where energy is released in respiration

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19
Q

ribosomes

A

where protein synthesis happens

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20
Q

chloroplast

A

contains green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs the light in photosynthesis

21
Q

what is tissue

A

made of group of cells of similar structure an function

22
Q

examples of tissue

A

muscles, intestine, lining of your lungs

23
Q

organs

A

made of different tissues all working together

24
Q

example of organs

A

heart lung stomach brain

leaf or root

25
Q

example of organ system of different organs working together

A

digestive system
respitatory system
nervous systems
reproductiive systems

26
Q

3 processes contribute to movement of substances and out of cells

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport

27
Q

examples of diffusion in your body

A

respiratory system - high CO2 in blood as it returns to lungs - then get oxygen and returns to body with high levels of CO2
SUBSTANCES MOVED WITH DIFFUSION - CO2 oxyegnet water food, urea , wastes
DOESNT NEED ENERGY

28
Q

example of active transport in plants

A

NEEDS ENERGY active transport when plant roots “soak up” mineral ions it needs from the soil around it

29
Q

example of active transport in animals/humans

A

NEEDS ENERGY

movement of glucose molecules from the gut into intestinal cells and then into the blood.

30
Q

gas exchange system in humans or animals

A

physical process in which gas and oxygen (need for respiration) is EXCHANGED for carbon dioxide (produced in respiration )

means the EXCHANGE of oxygen gas for Carbon dioxide gas - uses you diaphragm and other muscles to breath

INHALING OXYGEN
EXHALE /expiration of CO2 - relaxing of diaphragm

31
Q

respiration is a chemical process

A

release HEAT energy - hot breath - exothermic process

happens in your cells - different to breathing

32
Q

oxygen moves out of the capillaries by the process of

A

diffusion

33
Q

how do capillaries enable sustances to pass through their wall s

A

capillaries have thin walls - they are only one cell thick

34
Q

what organs and structures are involved in the gas exchange system (start at top of body )

A
nose
mouth
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
lungs
intercostal muscles
the pleural membrane
35
Q

what protects the lungs

A

RIBS AND RIB MUSCLES

36
Q

what organs are used in the human respiratory system

A

lungs and heart

37
Q

what is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water _ energy

C6H1206 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6 H20 + energy released

38
Q

describe how blood circulates starting with the heart

A

heart - arteries - capillary network within an organism - vein - heart

39
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries =- carry blood from heart - thick muscles walls - strong because of presurre from heart

veins - carry blood from organs towards the heart - thinner with valves to prevent back flow of blood

capillaries - make up most of the body blood vessels - network in all tissue - tiny with very thin walls

40
Q

in your heart what do left and right atria (atrium) do

A

collect the blood going FROM your lungs and body

A for Atrium A for AWAY FROM

41
Q

in your heart what do the left and right ventricles do

A

VENTRICLES - TO THE HEART (T = TOWARDS)

have thick muscular walls for pumping blood TO the lungs and from the body

42
Q

what do valves do in your heart

A

stop the blood flowing back into the auricles - means keep the blood flowing the one way like a circuit

43
Q

4 types of things in your blood

A

platelets
plasma
white blood cells
red blood cells

44
Q

what carries oxygen in your blood

A

the haemoglobin in your red blood cells

45
Q

what do white blood cells do

A

carry antibodies to fight disease

46
Q

what is plasma in your blood

A

removes the waste Co2 , carries water

47
Q

what do platelets your blood do

A

cause your blood to clot

48
Q

there is a metal in your blood. What is it and where is it

A

Iron

in the haemoglobin

49
Q

explain difference gas exchange, respiration and breathing

A

gas exchange is the exchange of Co2 to Oxygen

respiration is a chemical process in your cells

breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling using your nose mouth diaphragm etc