Term 2 Biology Flashcards
Name the protein that acts as biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions
Enzyme
What do you call the process of breaking down food to make nutrient molecules available to the body
Digestion’s
What nutrient molecule is the main source of energy ?
Carbohydrate
What nutrient molecule is used for growth and repair ?
Protein
What nutrient molecule other than carbohydrate is used for energy?
Lipid (fat)
In What form does excess or extra energy stored in the body ?
Lipid (in fat cells)
What material in food is not digested and keeps bowels functioning properly?
Fibre
Define digestion
The breaking down of good to make nutrient molecules available to the body
Define enzyme
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions
Define carbohydrate
A nutrient molecule that is the main source of energy
What is fibre
A material that is not digested and keeps the bowels functioning properly
What is protein
A nutrient molecule used for growth and repair
What are all foods made up of ?
Biological molecules
Just different amounts depending on the type of food
More carbohydrate molecules in bread
More protein molecules in chicken
Name the three types of biological molecules in our food?
Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipids
What are the THREE elements in carbohydrates ?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
CHO
May be simple glucose of sugars - or complex like starch
What process happens when we digest complex carbohydrates ?
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy
When they are digested the break down into sugars which our bodies used for RESPIRATION
What helps to break down carbohydrates into energy /sugars ?
Enzymes
What are proteins made up of ?
Amino acids
These aminos acids break down protein to new types of new proteins in our modules
Eg muscle protein
What five elements are in protein?
Like carbohydrates, proteins have carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Supper
CHONS
Examples of carbohydrate
Bread Potatoes Pasta Rice Corn Fruit
Examples of food high in protein
Eggs Meat Fish Nuts Cheese Avocado
Name some parts of our body made of protein
Muscles Bones Organs Skin Nails
Apart from water and fats the rest of our body is made of protein
How many amino acids are there ?
There are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins
Two types - 9 essential amino acids and 11 non essential amino acids
Why do more active people need more protein?
To rebuild their muscles after exercise
Do we need supplements a like protein powders to building good muscles?
No you can get enough protein for your muscles from having a balanced diet
What is a lipid
Biological name for fats and oils
What is the main difference between fats and oils ?
Fats are solid at room temperature 20 degrees while oils are liquids
What foods are high in lipids?
Nuts Olive oil Oily fish like salmon and tuna Cheese Avocado
Name 3 good healthy fats
Eggs
Raw nuts
Avocados
Remember Heathy fats and oils come form natural unprocessed food which is still in its original state
Three examples of bad fats
French fries
Cookies and cakes
Margarine
Donuts
Processed meat like salami
What do we need vitamins and minerals for ?
Helping our bodies to function properly
Why is Vitamin A important
Healthy eye sight including night visions
Growth
Flighting infections
Name 4 foods high in vitiamin A
Dairy products
Leafy green vegetables
Carrots
Kumara (orange vegetables)
Name some illnesses from not enough vitamin A ?
Blindness for young children
Skin infections
Increase of other infections including stomach upsets
What is vitamin C important for ?
Growth
Helps Absorb other minerals
Fighting infections
Name some foods with high vitamin C
Most fruit and veges have some Vit C
Kiwi fruit capsicum and citrus fruit have high amounts
What is vitamin D important for ?
Bone health as it helps Aniston calcium
Name some foods high in Vit D ?
Eggs
Oily fish
Dairy products
How does our body make its ownVit D ?
From sunlight through our skin
What diseass do you get from no Vit D?
Ricketts - weak brittle bones
Tiredness
Low energy or mood
More frequent Illnesses
What percentage of our body is water and why is it important ?
50-60 percent
Most of the CYTOPLASM in our bodies cells is made of water and our blood is mostly water.
Water helps to transport materials around our body
What fluids in our body are mostly water?
Blood
Saliva
Urine
Brain fluid
Does our body digest all of the fibre we eat ?
No it is not easily digested but helps your digestive system to work properly
Stops you becoming constipated - keeps bowel movements regular
Names some high fibre foods
Whole grain pasta
Nuts
Vegetables especially raw
Brown rice
Brown bread
The more natural and unprocessed a food is the ….
Healthier it is
White foods have had the goodness processed out of them
Brown whole cereal like oats is better for you tha processed cereal like nutrigrain!
Why are potatoes with skins on and fruit with skins on healthier for you?
Because a lot of the fibre and the vitamins and minerals are in the skins is fruit and vegetables
How many calories do teenage boys age 14-18 need per day
2200 to 3200
If very active and lots sports then 3500 to 4000 calories per day
Why is protein important to teenagers ?
Helps to develop to amount of muscles mass you have
Double the need for protein between 10 and 17
Best sources of lean protein
Lean meat Fish Cheese Eggs Lentils Beans liked baked beans Nuts and seeds
What so simple white carbohydrates make you hungry?
They break down into sugars quickly
Complex carbohydrates like whole grains and brown rice provide better nutrition and keep you feeling full for longer
If you eat too many bad fats like butter and fried food and cakes what can happen compared to eating good fats like olive oil nuts and avocado?
White sugary carbohydrates can lead to obesity
Name two other nutrients that are very important for teenagers ?
IRON
to grown and grow muscle mass
Need 8 milligrams per day
Fortified cereal red meat leafy greens
CALCIUM
For your bones teeth and nails
Need 1300 milligrams per day
Milk yoghurt cottagecheese
What is the food pyramid
At the top - fats and oils
Middle - protein
Bottom and biggest - carbohydrate
Why is the food pyramid not as well respected as it used to be ?
When replaced with MyPlate - to show a better balanced diet
Balanced diet is more important and too many bad carbohydrates can be bad
What is another name for the digestive system?
The alimentary canal
What is the process calls when your circular muscles push your food down the osephagus
Peristalsis
What is made in your liver ?
Makes BILE
To help your digestive system to break down and absorb lipids
What is another name for enzymes
Bilogical catalysts
They speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction
They are like a LOCK AND KEY
What do we mean by enzyme being a lock and key
Each enzyme has a particular shape and only works with one type of bilocgial molecule
The enzyme that breaks down fats or lipids (bile) won’t work to break down carbohydrates orproteins
What name is given to the part of the enzyme that joins to a molecule
The Active site
What are the top 3 enzymes in the digestive system
Amylase - breaks Down carbohydrates into sugars
Protease - breaks down proteins into amino acids
Lipase - breaks down lipids (fats and oils) into glycerol as fatty acids
What do you use for a positive test for starch?
Iodine solution dropped into a starch solution
What do you add to glucose solution to identify reducing sugars ?
Benedict’s solution
