Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Term 2 Biology > Flashcards

Term 2 Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the protein that acts as biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions

A

Enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do you call the process of breaking down food to make nutrient molecules available to the body

A

Digestion’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What nutrient molecule is the main source of energy ?

A

Carbohydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nutrient molecule is used for growth and repair ?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nutrient molecule other than carbohydrate is used for energy?

A

Lipid (fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In What form does excess or extra energy stored in the body ?

A

Lipid (in fat cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What material in food is not digested and keeps bowels functioning properly?

A

Fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define digestion

A

The breaking down of good to make nutrient molecules available to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define enzyme

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst and speeds up chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define carbohydrate

A

A nutrient molecule that is the main source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is fibre

A

A material that is not digested and keeps the bowels functioning properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is protein

A

A nutrient molecule used for growth and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are all foods made up of ?

A

Biological molecules

Just different amounts depending on the type of food

More carbohydrate molecules in bread
More protein molecules in chicken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the three types of biological molecules in our food?

A

Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the THREE elements in carbohydrates ?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

CHO

May be simple glucose of sugars - or complex like starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What process happens when we digest complex carbohydrates ?

A

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy

When they are digested the break down into sugars which our bodies used for RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What helps to break down carbohydrates into energy /sugars ?

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are proteins made up of ?

A

Amino acids

These aminos acids break down protein to new types of new proteins in our modules

Eg muscle protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What five elements are in protein?

A 
Like carbohydrates, proteins have
carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Supper

CHONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Examples of carbohydrate

A 
Bread
Potatoes
Pasta
Rice
Corn
Fruit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of food high in protein

A 
Eggs
Meat
Fish
Nuts
Cheese
Avocado
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name some parts of our body made of protein

A 
Muscles
Bones 
Organs
Skin 
Nails

Apart from water and fats the rest of our body is made of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many amino acids are there ?

A

There are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins

Two types - 9 essential amino acids and 11 non essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why do more active people need more protein?

A

To rebuild their muscles after exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Do we need supplements a like protein powders to building good muscles?

A

No you can get enough protein for your muscles from having a balanced diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a lipid

A

Biological name for fats and oils

27
Q

What is the main difference between fats and oils ?

A

Fats are solid at room temperature 20 degrees while oils are liquids

28
Q

What foods are high in lipids?

A 
Nuts
Olive oil
Oily fish like salmon and tuna 
Cheese
Avocado
29
Q

Name 3 good healthy fats

A

Eggs
Raw nuts
Avocados

Remember Heathy fats and oils come form natural unprocessed food which is still in its original state

30
Q

Three examples of bad fats

A

French fries

Cookies and cakes

Margarine

Donuts

Processed meat like salami

31
Q

What do we need vitamins and minerals for ?

A

Helping our bodies to function properly

32
Q

Why is Vitamin A important

A

Healthy eye sight including night visions
Growth
Flighting infections

33
Q

Name 4 foods high in vitiamin A

A

Dairy products
Leafy green vegetables
Carrots
Kumara (orange vegetables)

34
Q

Name some illnesses from not enough vitamin A ?

A

Blindness for young children

Skin infections

Increase of other infections including stomach upsets

35
Q

What is vitamin C important for ?

A

Growth

Helps Absorb other minerals

Fighting infections

36
Q

Name some foods with high vitamin C

A

Most fruit and veges have some Vit C

Kiwi fruit capsicum and citrus fruit have high amounts

37
Q

What is vitamin D important for ?

A

Bone health as it helps Aniston calcium

38
Q

Name some foods high in Vit D ?

A

Eggs
Oily fish
Dairy products

39
Q

How does our body make its ownVit D ?

A

From sunlight through our skin

40
Q

What diseass do you get from no Vit D?

A

Ricketts - weak brittle bones

Tiredness

Low energy or mood

More frequent Illnesses

41
Q

What percentage of our body is water and why is it important ?

A

50-60 percent

Most of the CYTOPLASM in our bodies cells is made of water and our blood is mostly water.

Water helps to transport materials around our body

42
Q

What fluids in our body are mostly water?

A

Blood

Saliva

Urine

Brain fluid

43
Q

Does our body digest all of the fibre we eat ?

A

No it is not easily digested but helps your digestive system to work properly

Stops you becoming constipated - keeps bowel movements regular

44
Q

Names some high fibre foods

A

Whole grain pasta
Nuts
Vegetables especially raw

Brown rice

Brown bread

45
Q

The more natural and unprocessed a food is the ….

A

Healthier it is

White foods have had the goodness processed out of them

Brown whole cereal like oats is better for you tha processed cereal like nutrigrain!

46
Q

Why are potatoes with skins on and fruit with skins on healthier for you?

A

Because a lot of the fibre and the vitamins and minerals are in the skins is fruit and vegetables

47
Q

How many calories do teenage boys age 14-18 need per day

A

2200 to 3200

If very active and lots sports then 3500 to 4000 calories per day

48
Q

Why is protein important to teenagers ?

A

Helps to develop to amount of muscles mass you have

Double the need for protein between 10 and 17

49
Q

Best sources of lean protein

A 
Lean meat
Fish
Cheese
Eggs
Lentils
Beans liked baked beans 
Nuts and seeds
50
Q

What so simple white carbohydrates make you hungry?

A

They break down into sugars quickly

Complex carbohydrates like whole grains and brown rice provide better nutrition and keep you feeling full for longer

51
Q

If you eat too many bad fats like butter and fried food and cakes what can happen compared to eating good fats like olive oil nuts and avocado?

A

White sugary carbohydrates can lead to obesity

52
Q

Name two other nutrients that are very important for teenagers ?

A

IRON
to grown and grow muscle mass
Need 8 milligrams per day
Fortified cereal red meat leafy greens

CALCIUM
For your bones teeth and nails
Need 1300 milligrams per day
Milk yoghurt cottagecheese

53
Q

What is the food pyramid

A

At the top - fats and oils
Middle - protein
Bottom and biggest - carbohydrate

54
Q

Why is the food pyramid not as well respected as it used to be ?

A

When replaced with MyPlate - to show a better balanced diet

Balanced diet is more important and too many bad carbohydrates can be bad

55
Q

What is another name for the digestive system?

A

The alimentary canal

56
Q

What is the process calls when your circular muscles push your food down the osephagus

A

Peristalsis

57
Q

What is made in your liver ?

A

Makes BILE

To help your digestive system to break down and absorb lipids

58
Q

What is another name for enzymes

A

Bilogical catalysts

They speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction

They are like a LOCK AND KEY

59
Q

What do we mean by enzyme being a lock and key

A

Each enzyme has a particular shape and only works with one type of bilocgial molecule

The enzyme that breaks down fats or lipids (bile) won’t work to break down carbohydrates orproteins

60
Q

What name is given to the part of the enzyme that joins to a molecule

A

The Active site

61
Q

What are the top 3 enzymes in the digestive system

A

Amylase - breaks Down carbohydrates into sugars

Protease - breaks down proteins into amino acids

Lipase - breaks down lipids (fats and oils) into glycerol as fatty acids

62
Q

What do you use for a positive test for starch?

A

Iodine solution dropped into a starch solution

63
Q

What do you add to glucose solution to identify reducing sugars ?

A

Benedict’s solution

Science (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions