Term 2 - Lecture 4 Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Thrinakia

A

Island of Helios’ sheep

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2
Q

Palamedes

A

Sent by Agamemnon to Odysseus - foiled his plan of insanity

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3
Q

What does Ilium mean?

A

Troy

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4
Q

Supplicants in the Iliad

A

Priam, Khryses

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5
Q

Funeral ritual in the Iliad

A

Hector and Patroklus

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6
Q

What form was the Iliad written in? By whom?

A

Oral epic song by Homer

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7
Q

Who was Calchus sacred to?

A

Apollo

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8
Q

What are three names for the Greeks?

A

Acheans, Argives, Danaans

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9
Q

What are three names for the Trojans?

A

Ilium, Dardanians, Pergamum

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10
Q

Which one is time and which one is kleos… war spoils and early death in war?

A

Time: war spoils Kleos: early death in war

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11
Q

Is Khryseis returned with or without ransom?

A

Without

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12
Q

Who does Agamemnon claim to like Khryseis more than?

A

His own wife Clytemnestra - “she loses nothing by comparison in beauty or womanhood, mind or skill”

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13
Q

Where is Tantalus’ family from?

A

Argos

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14
Q

What makes Agamemnon threaten to take Briseis?

A

His loss of time/Khryseis

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15
Q

Who urges peace, when Agamemnon is threatening to take Briseis from Achilles, and Achilles is threatening to withdraw?

A

Nestor

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16
Q

Who is angry when Zeus takes Thetis’ supplication to help the Trojans win? What does Zeus do about it?

A

Hera is angry because she is on the Greek side - Zeus threatens her with violence

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17
Q

Who are the two peacemakers in the first book?

A

Nestor and Hephaestus

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18
Q

Who prevents Achilles from killing Agamemnon?

A

Athena, by the will of Hera

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19
Q

Who doesn’t want Zeus to help the Trojan side by will of Thetis/Achilles?

A

Hera - he threatens her with violence

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20
Q

How does Hephaestus calm Hera’s anger

A

He makes her laugh - tells a story about how he got his disability - gods feast all night

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21
Q

What does the word aristeia mean? Who have them?

A

Excellence - DIomedes and Patroklus

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22
Q

What occurs between Diomedes and Glaucus?

A

They introduce on the battlefield and realize that their grandfathers were friends. Exchange armour and find other opponents

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23
Q

What is Diomedes’ aristeia?

A

He encounters Aeneas on the battlefield, son of Aphrodite and Anchises. He is fated to live and found Rome. Aphrodite swoops in to save him and as she’s lifting him, Diomedes in all of his confidence, swipes at Aphrodites, scratching her. She drops Aeneas. Apollo then intereferes and saves Aeneas. Diomedes is described as lion-like.

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24
Q

What is Astyanax scared of when Hector is saying his goodbyes?

A

The helmet plume

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25
Q

What two warriors are equal opponents?

A

Ajax and Hector

26
Q

What occurs in the battle between Ajax and Hector?

A

They fight a well-choreographed battle. It is decided that the gods care for both of them so it is inconclusive. No winners. They exchange gifts. Hector gets Ajax’s loin guard, Ajax gets Hector’s sword

27
Q

What occurs after the battle of Ajax and Hector?

A

A one day truce. No one fights.

28
Q

Who goes on the embassy to Achilles?

A

Odysseus, Phoenix, Ajax

29
Q

What does Odysseus talk about to try to persuade achilles to come back to battle?

A

All of the gifts Agamemnon is offerring

30
Q

What are Achilles’ double fates?

A

Kleos and nostos - he chooses nostos

31
Q

Is the embassy to Achilles successful?

A

No

32
Q

Who suggests that Patroklus go to war dressed as Achilles?

A

Nestor

33
Q

What makes achilles agree to let Patroklos go to war?

A
  1. Hector sets a ship on fire 2. Odysseus, Diomedes, and Agamemnon become injured
34
Q

How is Patroklos killed?

A

Patroklos enters the battlefield - the Trojans see him thinking he is Achilles and they automatically begin to retreat. Out of confidence, Patroklos kills Sarpedon, a son of Zeus. Zeus tries to stop him but Hera remarks that Sarpedon was already fated to die. Sarpedon is killed. Then out of confidence, Patroklos advances against Hector. Apollo knocks off his helmet, exposing him. Hector kills him.

35
Q

What does hector do after Patroklos is killed?

A

He takes the armour of Achilles and wears it. Sealing his fate (this is mortal Achilles, Achilles will have the armour of the gods)

36
Q

Who kills Sarpedon?

A

Patroklos

37
Q

Who collects the body of Patroklos? Who collects the body of Sarpedon?

A

Ajax and Hermes respectively.

38
Q

When Achilles learns that Patroklus is dead, what does he vow?

A

He vows not to bury Patroklus until the body of Hector is defiled

39
Q

How many Trojans does Achilles sacrifice after the death of Patroklus?

A

12

40
Q

Where does Achilles get his new armour?

A

Thetis asks Hephaestus to make him divine armour. It represents cosmic, agricultural, and social order.

41
Q

Who advises Achilles and his men to stop and eat before battle?

A

Odysseus - achilles refuses (compare Gilgamesh and Priam)

42
Q

Who protects Hector from decomposing?

A

Apollo

43
Q

Why does the river get mad at Achilles? What is its name? Who protects Achilles?

A

Scarmander is mad because it is clogged with bodies. Poseidon, Hera, and Athena protect Achilles from it.

44
Q

What god helps Achilles kill Hector? How?

A

Athena helps by disguising herself as the brother of Hector. Hector stops racing around the city, and finally faces Achilles. This gives Achilles the chance to kill him.

45
Q

What is the contest for Hector’s life?

A

Achilles chases Hector around the city of Troy three separate times before Athena intervenes.

46
Q

What god leaves Hector once he realizes he has been tricked by Athena?

A

Apollo

47
Q

What is Hector’s dying wish? What does he remind Achilles of?

A

He wishes for a proper burial - that Achilles will accept the ransom from his father Priam. He reminds Achilles that he is also fated to die in the war.

48
Q

How long does Achilles defile the corpse of Hector for?

A

11 DAYS - he does this by dragging his body from a chariot using the belt that Ajax gave him in battle. Apollo prevents his body from decomposing.

49
Q

After 11 days, which gods favour Achilles’ actions towards hector? Which do not?

A

No one does except for Hera, Athena, and Poseidon.

50
Q

Who does Zeus send to Achilles to tell him to give the body to Priam? Who does he send to Priam to tell him to go to Achilles?

A

Thetis is sent to Achilles, and Iris is sent to Priam. Hermes escorts Priam to Achilles (very dangerous crossing into enemy territory).

51
Q

What does Thetis say to Achilles when she is asking him to give the body of Hector to Priam?

A

To eat, drink, and sleep with a woman

52
Q

Who tells Achilles to bury Patroklus?

A

Patroklus’ ghost

53
Q

Who takes Priam to Achilles?

A

Hermes escorts him - brings ransom for the body of Hector

54
Q

When does Achilles finally regain his humanity?

A

When Priam arrives and reminds him of his father Peleus - they both break down and cry.

55
Q

When do Achilles and Priam finally eat again?

A

After Achilles convinces him on the basis of the story of Niobe. Niobe committed hybris against Leto by bragging that she has many more children. Apollo and Artemis killed all of her children. After 10 days of grieving she finally ate again.

56
Q

Who prepares Hector’s body for burial?

A

Achilles does - he rubs the body in oil for Priam

57
Q

How many days does Priam ask for for the burial of Hector?

A

11 - 11 day truce occurs

58
Q

How does the Iliad begin?

A

With the word “anger”

59
Q

How does the Iliad end?

A

With the burial of Hector

60
Q

Where does Achilles drag Hector’s body?

A

Around the burial grounds of Patroklus

61
Q

Who ends up saving Aeneas?

A

Apollo (with the help of Aphrodite before she becomes injured)