Term 1 - Lecture 3 Flashcards
Who is often seen with a mallet? (HT)
Hephaistos
What is the “worst age”?
The Iron Age
What occurred in the Bronze age?
-Monstrous, heavy, war-loving men -Ate no food -Strong and wild -Everything made of bronze (houses, tools, etc.) -Killed each other off -Forgotten
Is there a jar in Theogony?
No
What is Pandora’s nature? (HT)
She is beautiful on the outside but evil on the inside, a “necessary” evil.
Who enjoyed an afterlife in the Isles of the Blest?
The Age of Heroes
Who was Works and Days by Hesiod addressed to?
His brother Perses (also from Boetia)
What hierarchy was established at Mekone? (HT)
- Gods are at the top - they only consume nectar and ambrosia. They receive the SMOKE of human sacrifice 2. Humans in the middle - they consume the COOKED meat of the animals at the communal sacrificial feast 3. Animals are at the bottom - they consume RAW food, and they are the sacrificial victims, eaten by humans
When was the first time a god was mentioned as a baby?
In Theogony, when Zeus was born and raised in the cave on Crete
Where is the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha detailed?
In Ovid, Metamorphoses, much later than Hesiod (Roman, 1st century CE)
What was Atlas’ punishment?
He had to hold up the whole entire sky
How was an animal prepared at a sacrificial feast? (HT)
A perfect animal was selected, the throat was cut, and it was slain on the alter with the blood pouring down. The animal was then cut into small pieces. The bones were wrapped in fat and burned on the altar so that the smoke rose up to the gods. The meat was cooked on spits like souvlaki and then divided among the humans that were present.
How was a sacrificial feast important for the humans present? (HT)
It allowed for them to share a bond, and form a community.
Why does Zeus allow Herakles to rescue Prometheus?
Because Herakles is his son, and he wants to be proud of him/show off how great of a hero he created
When is the bee hive analogy used? (HT)
Theogony
How does Zeus punish the mortals for Prometheus’ trick on him? (HT)
He withholds fire from the mortals, because they benefitted from the tripe covered fat that Prometheus served them.
What is Eris? What are the 2 different kinds? (WD)
Eris is strife. 1. Good strife: competition and rivalry, which increases wealth and accomplishment. The kind that motivates even lazy folks to do their work. 2. Bad kind: wars, quarrels, lawsuits. Consumes wealth and detracts from accomplishment.
What is Prometheus’ second offence against Zeus that leads to his punishment? (HT)
He steals the fire that Zeus withdrew from the humans and hides it in a fennel stalk and gives it back to humans
What does the name Pandora mean?
“All gifts” - In WAD Pandora receives gifts from all of the gods.
In Theogony, Pandora can be compared to Zeus’ meal or the fennel stalk. In WAD. what can Pandora be compared to?
To her jar, the pithos, which was made of clay and contained
Who made Pandora from clay in Theogony? Who did in Works and Days?
Theogony: hephaistos Works and Days: hephaistos (in HT Hephaistos just made the golden crown for Pandora)
Which age had humans who became spirits who roamed the land, dispensing justice?
Golden age
Does Epimetheus take Pandora as his bride in HT?
No, only in WAD
When was destruction predicted for the Iron age?
-Children are born w grey hair -father fight sons, hosts with guests, brother w brother -children dishonour parents -no justice -war -oath-breaking, violence, envy -Shame and Nemesis leave he earth
What is in Pandora’s jar? What is left in it?
10,000 diseases, the only thing that remains in it is hope. She releases it over the humans, and this is why humans must work.
When was the first sacrificial feast? (HT)
The feast at Mekone
How does Hephaistos create Pandora in Theogony? (HT)
Zeus creates a shy virgin from clay. Athena dresses her in beautiful clothes with flower in her hairs and a silver dress. Hephaistos makes Pandoras beautiful golden crown with sea monsters and fabulous beasts all over it.
Theogony is a divine succession from chaos to order… what is Hesiod’s Works and Days about?
It is a pessimistic poem on the decline of the human race.
Who were Pyrrha and Deucalion to each other?
Cousins and lovers, they got married and grew old together
Because of the virtue of Pyrrha and Deucalion, what happens?
They are the sole survivors of the flood sent by Zeus/Jove
Who frees Prometheus by shooting the eagle with an arrow?
Herakles, son of Zeus and Semele
How is the fennel stalk comparable to Pandora? (HT)
Opposites. The fennel stalk looks pretty boring but has the good on the inside. Pandora is the opposite. Pandora is comparable to the meal that Prometheus gave to Zeus.
Which of Hesiod’s plays mentions strife?
Hesiod’s works and days
What does the word theory mean?
To gaze and marvel at something - ex. Pandora. She is a marvel to wonder at, different from the inside and outside.
What was Prometheus’ punishment?
He was bound and had an eagle come and eat out his liver every day. It grew back overnight. Prometheus is an image of agonizing torture.
The feast at Mekone was the first ___ but the last _____________. (HT)
- Sacrificial feast 2. Commensality between gods and mortals
