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Classics 2200 > Term 2 - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Term 2 - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Daedalus?

A

An Athenian craftsman living in Crete. He designed the labrynth for the minotaur, as well as Pasiphae’s bull costume. He leads Ariadne to find the clew of thread that lets Theseus defeat the Minotaur.

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2
Q

Does Theseus slay a monster?

A

Yes - the Cretan bull. Herakles merely captures it to show king Eurystheus

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3
Q

What occurs when Jason returns home?

A

He loses a sandal when crossing a river, and wins the friendship of Hera (and Athena)

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4
Q

Name three heroes who were educated by Chiron on the countryside?

A
  1. Jason
  2. Herakles
  3. Achilles
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5
Q

How is Phaethon immortalized?

A

Catasterization: formation of the constellation Auriga, the Charioteer

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6
Q

What was the first ship built? Who helped? Who led it?

A

The Argo. Athena assisted in its construction.

Jason led it, but Herakles, Orpheus, and many others helped. They were the argonauts.

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7
Q

How does Theseus travel to Athens to claim his inheritance?

A

By the road, he travels it and makes it safer. He rids the road of threats.

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8
Q

What happens after Absyrtus is killed? What does Medea then do to Pelias?

A

Jason and Medea return to Iolcus, Thessaly.

Medea uses her magic to kill Pelias. His daughters are fascinated by her magic.

She puts an old man in a cauldron and he is rejuvenated by it. Pelias’ daughters, concerned for him and his old age bring him and place him in the cauldron. He is made into a stew.

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9
Q

What royal family is Medea descended from?

A

Colchis

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10
Q

Who/when passed the law to deal with men taking foreign brides?

A

Pericles, from 450/451 BCE. Previously Athenians only had to have an Athenian father, Pericles passed a law deciding that Athenian citizens had to have both Athenian mothers and fathers.

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11
Q

What did Theseus do with the Cretan bull? What about Herakles?

A

Herakles: catch and release

Theseus: catch and kill

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12
Q

Who makes the law that 14 Athenians must be sacrificed to the Minotaur per year? What hero goes?

A

King Minos: father of Ariadne and Phaedra

Theseus goes to Crete

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13
Q

Who is “the shining hero”?

A

Phaethon

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14
Q

How is the minotaur killed?

A

Ariadne helps Theseus (in exchange for marriage). She consults Daedalus, and retrieves a clew of thread from him. This is tied at the entrance to the labyrinth, so they can find their way back.

Theseus enters the labyrinth and successfully kills the minotaur. Theseus and Ariadne head back to see King Aegeus and stop in Naxos.

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15
Q

Why is Medea’s and Jason’s relationship strange?

A
  1. Woman pursues the man
  2. Medea betrays her father by helping his enemy (another king - the king of Iolcus, Thessaly)
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16
Q

Who are the children of Helios?

A

Pasiphae (name meaning shining), Aeetes (sister), and Circe (a witch)

NOTE: Helios is a Titan, the family is strange and witchy

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17
Q

What does “Argo” mean? What does “argonaut” mean?

A

argo = swift

argonaut = swift sailors

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18
Q

What is the relationship between Aeson and Pelias?

A

Aeson is the rightful heir to the throne, but Pelias steals the throne from him.

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19
Q

Who is Jason’s wife?

A

Medea

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20
Q

How does Jason die?

A

Unheroically. He is killed by a rotting plank falling off of his ship; the Argo.

Jason is killed by the very thing that made him successful.

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21
Q

How does Jason and Medea’s relationship come about?

A

Medea falls for Jason (always threatening when a foreign woman falls for a man).

She is a witch and offers her magic to Jason to help him retrieve the golden fleece, in return for his hand in marriage. He agrees.

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22
Q

Who falls in love with Theseus in Crete?

A

Ariadne

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23
Q

How does Theseus die?

A

Theseus returns from the underworld and finds his city at war with Sparta because Theseus wanted Helen as his wife. He flees to the island Skyros, and falls off a cliff.

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24
Q

Who is the child of Zeus and Europa? How does the child come about?

A

Europa is a mortal in a meadow, Zeus comes to her in the form of a bull and makes love to her.

Minos is their son

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25
Q

Stoa Poikile?

A

The building that the Amazonomachy is painted on.

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26
Q

What efforts did the retrieval of the golden fleece require?

A

Yoking of bulls

Sowing of dragons teeth

Battle with army of sown men

Medea drugging the dragon directly guarding the Fleece

27
Q

What prophecy does Pelias receive?

A

The prediction that he will be overthrown by a man with one sandal

28
Q

What happens at the island of Naxos? What happens as a consequence?

A

Theseus abandons Ariadne there (even after she helped him), possibly because he forgot. Ariadne curses him; saying that “I hope you have more pain for your forgetfulness than I do.”).

Because of this, Theseus forgets to put the sail on his ship to white to signify that he is alive and it remains black. As soon as king Aegeus sees this, he kills himself.

29
Q

What is the main difference between Herakles and Theseus?

A

Herakles is a panhellenic hero, to all Greeks. Theseus is a local hero in the city of Athens.

30
Q

What occurs in the story of Phaethon?

A

He questions his paternity, and asks his father Helios for a granted favour as a source of confirmation.

He asks to drive the chariot of the sun. Bound by an oath, Helios agrees.

Phaethon drives the sun too close to the earth, and Zeus zaps him with a lightning bolt before he destroys the earth.

31
Q

In which texts are Theseus considered the ideal ruler? Why is he considered the ideal ruler?

A

Late archaic/classical Athens

Considered ideal because he unified Attica, the region around Athens

32
Q

Who is the daughter of King Aeetes (son of Helios)?

A

Medea

33
Q

What is the impossible task of Jason?

A

To retrieve the golden fleece

34
Q

Who is Pirithous?

A

Theseus’ friend. He is the son of Ixion (one of the great sinners), and a Lapith centaur (centaur was born from Ixion having sex with Hera as a cloud).

35
Q

Who does Theseus have sleep with following Ariadne? What is the name of their offspring?

A

The Amazon Queen; Hippolyta. They have a son Hippolytus.

36
Q

What happens as a result of Theseus sleeping with Hippolyta?

A

The Amazonomachy, held at Areopagus (the hill of ares; god of blood and warlust). The Amazons invade Athens.

37
Q

Who are the children of Minos and Pasiphae (the daughter of Helios)?

Who is the child of Pasiphae and the Cretan bull?

A

Ariadne and Phaedra

The Minotaur (a monster)

38
Q

How long ago was the story of Jason recorded? In which recordings is it detailed?

A

It is an old myth. It was first detailed in the Odyssey, but all of the major sources for it are later.

  1. Pindar’s Pythian 4 (462 BCE) - noble Jason

Following sources… altered the image of Jason

  1. Euripides’ tragedy Medea (431 BCE)
  2. Apollonius of Rhodes’ epic Argonautica (Hellenistic)
39
Q

Why did Pericles pass a law regarding Athenian citizenship?

A

Because foreign brides seemed to be dangerous. Women who act on their erotic impulses proved to be dangerous.

40
Q

What happens when Theseus reaches Medea and King Aegeus?

A

Medea is pregnant with a son - she wants him to have the throne so she attempts to poison Theseus.

Aegeus, identifying Theseus by his sandals and sword stops Medea.

41
Q

What did Theseus and Pirithous do together?

A

They decided to marry daughters of Zeus.

Theseus decided on Helen from Sparta, Pirithous decided on Persephone. They had to go down to the underworld to get her.

Hades trapped them there by sticking their butts to a chair. Pirithous was never released, Herakles released Theseus.

42
Q

What is important about Phaethon and his age?

A

He never makes the transition between childhood and adulthood, and takes risks that he is unprepared for (despite his father’s warnings). This arises from his mixed parenthood, and anxiety about his identity.

43
Q

What occurs in Euripides’ tragedy Hippolytus?

A

Hippolytus, the son of Hippolyta and Theseus is entirely dedicated to Artemis. He refuses love, sex and marriage, and lives a life of purity. Theseus marries Phaedra, the sister of Ariadne.

Aphrodite is jealous, because Artemis is getting all of the attention from Hippolytus. As a form of revenge, Aphrodite makes Phaedra fall in love with Hippolytus. When he denies her, she commits suicide, incriminating Hippolytus, saying he attempted to rape her.

Theseus is so angry that he curses his son, and Poseidon (bull of the sea) kills Hippolytus.

Theseus further destroys his own family.

44
Q

Where is the minotaur found?

A

On the island of Crete; in a labrynth designed by Daedalus

45
Q

Where is Ariadne’s “liminal space”?

A

On the island of Naxos. She is abandoned there. At this point she has already betrayed her father by killing her half-brother the Minotaur, and she has been betrayed by Theseus. She has nobody.

46
Q

Who is the “Ideal greek leader”?

A

Theseus

47
Q

Where was Jason educated?

A

Away from his family on the countryside by Chiron, the centaur to protect him from King Pelias

48
Q

Where is the golden fleece?

A

Colchis - it was dropped there by a flying lamb

49
Q

Do Medea and Jason have any kids? Do they marry?

A

They have two kids, after fleeing to Corinth.

They do not marry. Jason does not think that Medea and him are exclusive, but Medea does. Jason finds another bride (who is Greek, and not foreign).

Medea, out of anger, kills the new bride, and her’s and Jason’s two kids.

50
Q

Who does the royal house of Colchis consist of?

A

Helios (sun god) and his children: Aeetes, Circe, Pasiphae, and Phaedron.

Aeetes becomes a king and has two children; Medea and Absyrtus.

51
Q

What story is the tale of Phaethon contained in?

A

In Ovid’s metamorphoses (1st century BCE) - major surviving source

52
Q

Who is Phaethon the son of?

A

Helios and Clymene - although he questions his paternity, which the source of his demise.

53
Q

After Jason loses a sandal, what impossible task does his uncle and the king Pelias impose upon him?

A

To retrieve the golden fleece

54
Q

Where does the Aegean Sea have its origins?

A

It is the place where King Aegeus commits suicide.

55
Q

Where is Jason descended from? Who is he descended from?

A

From Iolcus, Thessaly (Greece)

Descended from Aeolus (wind god), then two generations.

Aeson and Pelias were brothers

Aeson is the father of Jason

56
Q

Who did Aegeus marry after Aethra?

A

Medea

57
Q

What is interesting about the lineage of Theseus?

A

He has two fathers - mortal King Aegeus of Athens, and Poseidon.

Both mated with Aethra on the same night.

58
Q

Who rescued Theseus from the underworld?

A

Herakles

59
Q

What is the story of Jason a warning of?

A

The dangers of foreign/non-Greek women.

60
Q

What occurs once the golden fleece is finally obtained?

A

King Aeetes is angered by Medea’s betrayal. Jason and Medea sail away on the argo. Aeetes sends ships to follow them.

Medea ruthlessly cuts up her brother Absyrtus and disperses it in the water, so the fleets of ships sent by Aeetes are forced to collect the body to ensure a proper burial.

COMPARE MEDEA TO ARIADNE

61
Q

What happens when Theseus comes of age?

A

King Aegeus hid a sword and sandals under a boulder. As soon as Theseus comes of age, he moves the boulder, uncovering the articles which he presents to Aegeus, identifying him. In Athens, he claims his inheritance.

62
Q

Why is King Minos furious with the Athenians? Why does he demand the sacrifice of 14 Athenians to the minotaur?

A

Because Theseus (of Athens by Aegeus) slayed the Cretan Bull

63
Q

Which Greek hero is NOT descended from Zeus?

A

Theseus - son of Poseidon and Aethra

64
Q

Unified Attica

A

Theseus

Classics 2200 (30 decks)

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