Teratology

Question 1

Define Teratology

Answer 1

Study of abnormalities of physiologic development. Teratogens increase risks but don’t guarantee something will happen.

Question 2

Brief History of teratology

Answer 2

• Long interest in this… Egyption descriptions of dwarfism!
• Rubella… german measles is first well document eample! Caused cataracts, deafness
• Later Thalidomide!

Question 3

2 Principles of Teratology

Answer 3

• Dose Response Curve: The dose makes the poison

- The Critical Periods: Timing matters! Early period is where MAJOR DEFECTS ARRISE! 3-8 weeks!

Question 4

Alcohol risks on baby

Answer 4

Alcohol… growth deficiency, cognitive. Increased risk with higher levels

Question 5

Smoking risks on baby

Answer 5

Smoking: Most effect in 3rd timester. Increased risk with increased smoking. Placental and vascular effects

Question 6

Caffeine risks on baby

Answer 6

<300mg/day

Question 7

Listeriosis risks on baby

Answer 7

Listeriosis: Bacteria found in soil, uncooked meats, deli meats, milk. Can infect nervous system and lead to death. Pregnant 10x more likely to suffer from listeria infections

Question 8

Toxoplasmosis risks on baby

Answer 8

Parasite. Only risk to baby is if mother is infected for the FIRST TIME during pregnancy.

Question 9

Cytomegalovirus risks on baby

Answer 9

Harmless to regular people. Primary CMV causes miscarriage.

Question 10

Preventative measures to reduce birth defects

Answer 10

• Vitamins
• Vaccines
• Teratogen registries