Blood Borne Illness 2

Question 1

3 Main Blood and Body Fluid Exposures

Answer 1

• Percutaneous exposure: Puncture of skin by needle or other sharp object
• Mucosal Exposure: Contact with mucous membranes
• Non-intact skin exposure: Eczema, scratches, or damaged skin

Question 2

Discuss means to prevent blood and body fluid and exposure

Answer 2

• Depends on if it was a community exposure… sex, bites, etc! Or occupational… ex. patient doctor, etc!
• Attention and concentration… Doing procedure with sharp objects, take a second and ask nurse or someone to hold phone or pager so it doesn’t startle me!
• Routine Practices (universal precautions)… ex. wash hands.
• Additional infection prevention and control (personal protective equipment)
• Safety engineered devices with training
• Engineering controls such as sharp disposal bins

Question 3

Outline actions to be taken following blood and body fluid exposure

Answer 3

• Prevent exposure!
• Stop and recognize the urgency in the emergency at hand
• Basic first aid ASAP.. wash with soap and water
• Call for guidance and report
• Ensure lab test of source and exposed is arranged
• Prevention of infection to others… lifestyle recommendations
• Comply with follow-up testing recommendations
• Post-exposure prophylaxis

Question 4

List the pathogens that can be transmitted via blood and body fluid exposure

Answer 4

• HBV… Most contagious!
• HCV
• HIV
• Viruses, bacterial, parasitic, fungal

Question 5

Percutaneous Exposure Risks of catching disease

Answer 5

Hep B: 30% chance of getting it
Hep C: 3%
HIV 0.3%

Question 6

Discuss management of blood & body fluid exposure including indications for vaccinations and post exposure prophylaxis (HBV, HCV, HIV)

Answer 6

• Hep B: pre-exposure prophylaxis is best! Post prophylaxis is abailable tho. There is also Post-exposure immunoprophylaxis! (give in first 24hours)
• Hep C: No pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis for hep C. Just report it.
• HIV: There is post-exposure chemoprophylaxis. Needs to be administered ASAP. (1-4 hours)

Question 7

List diseases that can be transmitted

Answer 7

• Bacterial
• Fungal
• Parasitic
• Viral
• Big 3… HBV, HCV, HIV… but it is VERY unlikely!
• like 1 in 12 MILLION!