teratology Flashcards

1
Q

first three leading causes of infant mortality

A

birth defects, prematurity/LBW, SIDS

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2
Q

diethylstilbestrol

A

antinausea: increase in cervical cancer in daughters whose mothers took this during pregnancy

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3
Q

tetracyclines

A

tooth and bone development malformations

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4
Q

13-cis-retinoic acid (Accutane)

A

analogs of retinoic acid: treatment of cystic acne.
SHH, posterior, ect. position within limbs
cardiac defects
tooth development defects

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5
Q

lithium

A

bipolar, psy conditions: can make embryos all ectoderm, disturbances in cell signaling mechanisms

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6
Q

characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

MR/low IQ
thin lips
philtrum deformation
abnormal eyelid formation

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7
Q

mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome

A
chronic consumption of alcohol
compromise of brain function
facial features
groove is missing above lip
cardiac defects
poor overall growth
very prevalent
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8
Q

thalidomide

A

induced phocomelia: malformed limbs

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9
Q

possible teratogens

A

smoking, valium, zinc deficiency, high vitamin A, varicella, binge drinking, organic solvents

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10
Q

unlikely teratogens

A
aspirin
birth control pills
ultrasound
spermicides
bendectin
illicit drugs
video display terminals
aspartame
anaethestics
rubella vaccine
metronidazone
agent orange
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11
Q

how susceptible is fetus to teratogens during predifferentiation period?

A

not very

just kills cells or embryo does not survive

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12
Q

how susceptible during period of early differentiation?

A

highly susceptible to teratogenesis

organ systems forming

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13
Q

how susceptible during period of advanced organogenesis

A

increasingly resistant to teratogenesis with increasing age.

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14
Q

effects of teratogens depend on four things

A

period of exposure
dosage
fetal genotype
maternal genotype

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15
Q

concept of time specificity

A

specific abnormality dependent on exposure at specific time during gestation

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16
Q

embryo dosage of teratogen depends on

A

maternal blood concentration
maternal homeostasis
time and duration of exposure