exam 4 respiratory system Flashcards
with what does cranial-caudal folding process happen?
with the separation of the body cavities
What does thoracic cavity separate from?
abdominal cavity (via diaphragm)
sub cavities of thoracic
perciardial and pleural
subcavities of abdominal
peritoneal (intra, retro, etc)
what forms when the thoracic and abdominal cavities part?
the diaphragm
where pleuroperitoneal, pericardioperitoneal folds and septum transversum located
pleuroperitoneal : spinal
pericardoperitoneal: central
septum transversum: ventral
what is a diaphragmatic hernia?
failure of diaphragm to form properly
what are the 3 subcompartments of the thoracic cavity?
cardiac, right pleural cavity, left pleural cavity
what is in cardiac cavity?
heart surrounded by pericardium
what is in right and left pleural cavities?
right and left lungs surrounded by right and left pleural membranes.
name of heart cavity?
pericardial
name of lung cavities
pleural cavities
what separates heart from outbudding lungs
in-growth of pleuropericardial membranes
when do lungs develop?
4th to 7th week. maturation of lung histology and biochemistry going to birth.
where does laryngeal groove form?
between 4th and 5th arch
what forms from groove?
lung bud that branches into right and left bronchial buds
what tissue involves lungs
endoderm
what do distal ends of bronchial buds do?
lead to lungs
what are lungs sheathed with
visceral pleura that is continuous with parietal pleural
Case 1. symptoms: choking, continous coughing. excessing amount of mucus secretion and saliva in infant’s mouth. dificulty in breathing. catheter cannot pass through esophagus to stomach.
Medical problem?
Fistula, an improper fusion of developing tubes. typically involved trachea/esophagus fusions of some type.
what is the respiratory diverticulum?
outpocketing from foregut that develops into lungs. from it form trachea, bronchi, lungs with alveoli.
in parallel with what does respiratory diverticulum form ?
esophagus from foregut formation
fistula variation no. 2: small fistula connection between trachea and esophagus. what problems do you encounter?
air enters the stomach. Fluids can pass into the trachea. Food may also pass to lungs if fistula severe enough.
Case 2: difficulty in newborn breathing. abormal palpation of thoracic and abdominal areas. what could be problem?
failure in formation of the diaphragm.
Specifically, failure in closure of pericardio-peritineal canal by the pleuro-peritineal membrane.
Case 3. newborn presents extension of thoracic or abdominal organs from trunk wall. normally, fatal. What is the cause?
failure in lateral folding so that fusion of lateral ectoderm and mesoderm is incomplete.
case 4. premie with rapid shallow respiration. diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. what is it?
abnormal development of hyaline membrane in lungs with deficiency of surfactant.
