exam 4 respiratory system

Question 1

with what does cranial-caudal folding process happen?

Answer 1

with the separation of the body cavities

Question 2

What does thoracic cavity separate from?

Answer 2

abdominal cavity (via diaphragm)

Question 3

sub cavities of thoracic

Answer 3

perciardial and pleural

Question 4

subcavities of abdominal

Answer 4

peritoneal (intra, retro, etc)

Question 5

what forms when the thoracic and abdominal cavities part?

Answer 5

the diaphragm

Question 6

where pleuroperitoneal, pericardioperitoneal folds and septum transversum located

Answer 6

pleuroperitoneal : spinal
pericardoperitoneal: central
septum transversum: ventral

Question 7

what is a diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 7

failure of diaphragm to form properly

Question 8

what are the 3 subcompartments of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 8

cardiac, right pleural cavity, left pleural cavity

Question 9

what is in cardiac cavity?

Answer 9

heart surrounded by pericardium

Question 10

what is in right and left pleural cavities?

Answer 10

right and left lungs surrounded by right and left pleural membranes.

Question 11

name of heart cavity?

Answer 11

pericardial

Question 12

name of lung cavities

Answer 12

pleural cavities

Question 13

what separates heart from outbudding lungs

Answer 13

in-growth of pleuropericardial membranes

Question 14

when do lungs develop?

Answer 14

4th to 7th week. maturation of lung histology and biochemistry going to birth.

Question 15

where does laryngeal groove form?

Answer 15

between 4th and 5th arch

Question 16

what forms from groove?

Answer 16

lung bud that branches into right and left bronchial buds

Question 17

what tissue involves lungs

Answer 17

endoderm

Question 18

what do distal ends of bronchial buds do?

Answer 18

lead to lungs

Question 19

what are lungs sheathed with

Answer 19

visceral pleura that is continuous with parietal pleural

Question 20

Case 1. symptoms: choking, continous coughing. excessing amount of mucus secretion and saliva in infant’s mouth. dificulty in breathing. catheter cannot pass through esophagus to stomach.
Medical problem?

Answer 20

Fistula, an improper fusion of developing tubes. typically involved trachea/esophagus fusions of some type.

Question 21

what is the respiratory diverticulum?

Answer 21

outpocketing from foregut that develops into lungs. from it form trachea, bronchi, lungs with alveoli.

Question 22

in parallel with what does respiratory diverticulum form ?

Answer 22

esophagus from foregut formation

Question 23

fistula variation no. 2: small fistula connection between trachea and esophagus. what problems do you encounter?

Answer 23

air enters the stomach. Fluids can pass into the trachea. Food may also pass to lungs if fistula severe enough.

Question 24

Case 2: difficulty in newborn breathing. abormal palpation of thoracic and abdominal areas. what could be problem?

Answer 24

failure in formation of the diaphragm.

Specifically, failure in closure of pericardio-peritineal canal by the pleuro-peritineal membrane.

Question 25

Case 3. newborn presents extension of thoracic or abdominal organs from trunk wall. normally, fatal. What is the cause?

Answer 25

failure in lateral folding so that fusion of lateral ectoderm and mesoderm is incomplete.

Question 26

case 4. premie with rapid shallow respiration. diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. what is it?

Answer 26

abnormal development of hyaline membrane in lungs with deficiency of surfactant.