abnormalities Flashcards
ICSI
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
when can ICSI embryo be transfered
3 day to 5 days
hatching egg
take embryo out of zona pellucida
problems with freezing technology
fragmentation of embryo
two types of intrafallopian transfer
gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT); for some women in religious sector, dont want to develop embryo outside of body
zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT);
intrafallopian transfer
transfer to tube directly; benefit from tubal environment? mature in tube and then go to uterine cavite
genomic imprinting
the condition whereby the extent of gene expression depends upon the sex of the parent that transmits the gene. aka parental imprinting
H mole as example of genomic imprinting
overdevelopment of trophoblastic tissues and extreme underdevelopment of embryo
- results from fertilization of an egg by 2 spermatozoa
- consequent failure of maternal genome of the egg to participate in development or from the duplication of a sperm pronucleus in an empty egg
genomic imprinting diseases
beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome
Angelman’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
diabetes, ADD, schizophrenia
could be related to genomic imprinting
what ratio of twins are fraternal?
2/3,
what can cause identical twins?
subdivision and splitting of a single embryo;
subdivision of ICM
subdivision of epithelial epiblast
parasitic twins
much smaller but often remarkably complete portion of a body protrudes from the body of an otherwise normal host twin. oral, mediastinal and pelvic area.
ectopic pregnancy
tubal, intestitital, cervical, abdominal
less than one percent
significant mortality and hemorrhage
tubal pregnancy
most common ectopic pregnancy.
found with endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, previous surgery history
scarring or anatomical abnormalities result in blind pockets among the mucosal folds of the uterine tube.