abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

ICSI

A

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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2
Q

when can ICSI embryo be transfered

A

3 day to 5 days

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3
Q

hatching egg

A

take embryo out of zona pellucida

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4
Q

problems with freezing technology

A

fragmentation of embryo

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5
Q

two types of intrafallopian transfer

A

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT); for some women in religious sector, dont want to develop embryo outside of body
zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT);

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6
Q

intrafallopian transfer

A

transfer to tube directly; benefit from tubal environment? mature in tube and then go to uterine cavite

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7
Q

genomic imprinting

A

the condition whereby the extent of gene expression depends upon the sex of the parent that transmits the gene. aka parental imprinting

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8
Q

H mole as example of genomic imprinting

A

overdevelopment of trophoblastic tissues and extreme underdevelopment of embryo

  • results from fertilization of an egg by 2 spermatozoa
  • consequent failure of maternal genome of the egg to participate in development or from the duplication of a sperm pronucleus in an empty egg
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9
Q

genomic imprinting diseases

A

beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome
Angelman’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome

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10
Q

diabetes, ADD, schizophrenia

A

could be related to genomic imprinting

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11
Q

what ratio of twins are fraternal?

A

2/3,

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12
Q

what can cause identical twins?

A

subdivision and splitting of a single embryo;
subdivision of ICM
subdivision of epithelial epiblast

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13
Q

parasitic twins

A

much smaller but often remarkably complete portion of a body protrudes from the body of an otherwise normal host twin. oral, mediastinal and pelvic area.

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14
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

tubal, intestitital, cervical, abdominal
less than one percent
significant mortality and hemorrhage

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15
Q

tubal pregnancy

A

most common ectopic pregnancy.
found with endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, previous surgery history
scarring or anatomical abnormalities result in blind pockets among the mucosal folds of the uterine tube.

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16
Q

when is pain felt for tubal pregnancy?

A

acute abdomen around 2 to 21/2 month gestation. can be surgically or medically treated

17
Q

other types of ectopic pregnancy

A

ovarian pregnancy, abdominal pregnancy

18
Q

abdominal pregnancy

A

reflux of the fertilized eggs from the tube

penetration of the tubal pregnancy through the wall of the tube can be caused by tubal abortion

19
Q

types of abdominal pregnancy

A

pouch of douglas: most common site
implantation on the intestinal wall or mesentery is very dangerous due to likelihood of severe hemorrhage
litopedion; calcified embryo in abdomen

20
Q

cervical pregnancy

A

embryonic development is likely to be normal

placenta previa: increased mortality and morbidity of the mother due to severe hemorrhage