teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

alkylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits

multiple anomalies

Question 3

aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CNS VIII toxicity

Question 4

carbamazepine

Answer 4

neural tube defects
craniofacial defects
fingernail hypoplasia
develpmental delya
Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 5

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adencocarcinoma

congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

folate antagonists

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 8

phenytoin

Answer 8

fetal hydratoin syndrome = microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails & distal phalanges, cardiac defects, intrauterine growth retardation, mental retardation

Question 9

tetracyclines

Answer 9

discolored teeth

Question 10

thalidomide

Answer 10

limb defects (“flipper” limbs)

Question 11

valproate

Answer 11

inhibition of maternal folate absorption => neural tube defects

Question 12

warfarin

Answer 12

bone deformities
fetal hemorrhage
abortion
ophthalmologic abnormalities
anticoagulate with HEPARIN -in pregnancy

Question 13

alcohol

Answer 13

#1 cause of birth defects and mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 14

cocaine

Answer 14

abnormal fetal development and fetal additciton

placental abruption

Question 15

smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 15

preterm labor, placental problems
intrauterine growth retardation
ADHD

Question 16

iodide (lack or excess)

Answer 16

congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 17

maternal diabetes

Answer 17

caudal regression syndrome - anal atresia to sirenomelia
congenital heart defects
neural tube defects

Question 18

vitamin A excess

Answer 18

spontaneous abortions and birth defects (HIGH RISK)

cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

Question 19

x-rays

Answer 19

microcephaly, mental retardation

Question 20

toxoplasma gondii infection

Answer 20

chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications

Question 21

rubella infection

Answer 21

PDA )or pulmonary artery hypoplasia)
cataracts
deafness +/- “blueberry muffin” rash

Question 22

CMV infection

Answer 22

#1 IN THE US
hearing loss
seizures
petechial rash
"blueberry muffin" rash
periventricular calcifications

Question 23

HIV

Answer 23

recurrent infections

chronic diarrhea

Question 24

HSV-2

Answer 24

encephalitis

herpetic (vesicular lesions)

Question 25

syphilis

Answer 25

stillbirth
hydrops fetalis
facial abnormalities - noted teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla, saber shins, CN VIII deafness
hemorrhagic rhinitis
skin dry, wrinkled with yellow-brown hue
hutchinson’s teeth = centrally notched, widely spaced central incisors