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USMLE Step1 > First Aid Rapid Review > Flashcards

First Aid Rapid Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal pain
ascites
hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome = posthepatic venous thrombosis

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

adrenal hemorrhage
hypotension
DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan’s syndrome - fibrillin defect

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5
Q

athlete with polycythemia

A

secondary to erythropoietin injection

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6
Q

back pain
fever
night sweats
weight loss

A

Pott’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

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7
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy

uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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8
Q

BLUE SCLERA

A

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (TYPE I collagen defect)

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9
Q

bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton’s line (lead poisoning)

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10
Q

bone pain
bone enlargement
arthritis

A

Paget’s disease of the bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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11
Q

bounding pulses
diastolic murmur
head bobbing

A

aortic regurgitation

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12
Q

butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s in young female

A

SLE

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13
Q 
cafe au lait spots
Lisch nodules (iris Hamartoma)
A

Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

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14
Q

cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune Albright syndrome - mosaic G-protein signaling mutation

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15
Q

calf pseudohypertrophy

A

muscular dystrophy - Duchenne’s most common - X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

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16
Q

cherry-red spot on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation )
Niemann-Pick = sphingomyelin accumulation
central retinal artery occlusion

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17
Q

chest pain on exertion

A

angina

  1. stable = with moderate exertion
  2. unstable = with minimal exertion or at rest
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18
Q

chest pain
pericardial effusion/friction rub
persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome - autoimmune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
1-12 weeks after acute MI

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19
Q

child uses arms to stand up from a squat

A

Gowers’ sign = Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

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20
Q

child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body

A

“slapped cheek: - erythema infectiosum/fifth disease = PARVOVIRUS B19

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21
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington’s disease - AD CAG repeat expansion

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22
Q

chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps and myoglobinuria

A

McArdle’s disease - muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency

23
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

24
Q

continuous “machinery” heart murmur

A

PDA
-close with indomethocin (inhibits prostaglandins)
keep open with misoprostol

25
Q

conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diploplia

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS), unilateral (stroke))

26
Q

cutaneous/ dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

myxedema - caused by hypothyroidism, Grave’s disease (pretrial))

27
Q

dark purple skin/mouth nodules

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [MSM], ass w/ HHV-8)

28
Q

deep labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)

29
Q

Dermatitis, dementia diarrhea

A

3 Ds - pellagra = niacin b3 deficiency

30
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

wet beriberi - thiamine b1 deficiency

31
Q

dog or cat bite causing infection

A

pasteurella multocida - cellulitis at inoculation site

32
Q

dry eyes, dry mouth arthritis

A

Sjogren’s syndrome - autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands

33
Q

dysphasia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome - can progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

35
Q

enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node = abdominal metastasis

36
Q

erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungiodes

37
Q

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign = hypocalcemia

38
Q

fat, female, forty, fertile

A

gallstones - cholelithiasis

39
Q

fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction = rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release

40
Q

fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

measles (morbillivirus)

41
Q

fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B-symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

42
Q

fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie’s disease (connective tissue disorder)

43
Q

gout, mental retardation, self mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan’s syndrome (HGPRT deficiency - X-linked recessive)

44
Q

green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings - copper accumulation from Wilson’s disease

45
Q

hamartomas, GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruciton
increased cancer risk - mainly GI

46
Q

hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher’s disease - glucocerebrosidase deficiency

47
Q

hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport’s syndrome -mutation in alpha -chain of collagen IV

48
Q

hperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome - bilateral amydala lesion

49
Q

hyerreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign

A

UMN damage

50
Q

hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculation

A

LMN damage

51
Q

hypoexia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“blue bloater” - chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells

52
Q

indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

nonpainful: chancre= primary syphilis - Treponema pallidum

painful with exudate: chancroid - Haemophius ducreyi

53
Q

infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13)

USMLE Step1 (12 decks)

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