First Aid Rapid Review Flashcards
Abdominal pain
ascites
hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome = posthepatic venous thrombosis
Achilles tendon xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
adrenal hemorrhage
hypotension
DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Marfan’s syndrome - fibrillin defect
athlete with polycythemia
secondary to erythropoietin injection
back pain
fever
night sweats
weight loss
Pott’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
bilateral hilar adenopathy
uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
BLUE SCLERA
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (TYPE I collagen defect)
bluish line on gingiva
Burton’s line (lead poisoning)
bone pain
bone enlargement
arthritis
Paget’s disease of the bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
bounding pulses
diastolic murmur
head bobbing
aortic regurgitation
butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s in young female
SLE
cafe au lait spots Lisch nodules (iris Hamartoma)
Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune Albright syndrome - mosaic G-protein signaling mutation
calf pseudohypertrophy
muscular dystrophy - Duchenne’s most common - X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
cherry-red spot on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation )
Niemann-Pick = sphingomyelin accumulation
central retinal artery occlusion
chest pain on exertion
angina
- stable = with moderate exertion
- unstable = with minimal exertion or at rest
chest pain
pericardial effusion/friction rub
persistent fever following MI
Dressler’s syndrome - autoimmune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
1-12 weeks after acute MI
child uses arms to stand up from a squat
Gowers’ sign = Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body
“slapped cheek: - erythema infectiosum/fifth disease = PARVOVIRUS B19
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington’s disease - AD CAG repeat expansion
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps and myoglobinuria
McArdle’s disease - muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
continuous “machinery” heart murmur
PDA
-close with indomethocin (inhibits prostaglandins)
keep open with misoprostol
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diploplia
internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS), unilateral (stroke))
cutaneous/ dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
myxedema - caused by hypothyroidism, Grave’s disease (pretrial))
dark purple skin/mouth nodules
Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [MSM], ass w/ HHV-8)
deep labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis, dementia diarrhea
3 Ds - pellagra = niacin b3 deficiency
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
wet beriberi - thiamine b1 deficiency
dog or cat bite causing infection
pasteurella multocida - cellulitis at inoculation site
dry eyes, dry mouth arthritis
Sjogren’s syndrome - autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands
dysphasia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome - can progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow’s node = abdominal metastasis
erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungiodes
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek’s sign = hypocalcemia
fat, female, forty, fertile
gallstones - cholelithiasis
fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction = rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
measles (morbillivirus)
fever, night sweats, weight loss
B-symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie’s disease (connective tissue disorder)
gout, mental retardation, self mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan’s syndrome (HGPRT deficiency - X-linked recessive)
green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings - copper accumulation from Wilson’s disease
hamartomas, GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruciton
increased cancer risk - mainly GI
hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher’s disease - glucocerebrosidase deficiency
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport’s syndrome -mutation in alpha -chain of collagen IV
hperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome - bilateral amydala lesion
hyerreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign
UMN damage
hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculation
LMN damage
hypoexia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
“blue bloater” - chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
nonpainful: chancre= primary syphilis - Treponema pallidum
painful with exudate: chancroid - Haemophius ducreyi
infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13)
