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USMLE Step1 > pharmacology section > Flashcards

pharmacology section Flashcards

1
Q

hemicholinum

A

inhibits choline uptake into presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminal

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2
Q

vesamicol

A

inhibits choline acetyl transferase in cholinergic presynaptic terminal (inhibits ACh synthesis from acetyl CoA and choline)

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3
Q

botulinum

A

inhibits ACh vesicle release

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4
Q

metyrosine

A

inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase in noradrenergic nerve terminals - decreases synthesis of all catecholamines

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5
Q

reserpine

A

blocks NE vesicle reuptake

secondary line Tx HTN

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6
Q

guanethidine

A

blocks NE release into synapse

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7
Q

bretylium

A

blocks NE release into synapse

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8
Q

cocaine TCAs amphetamines

A

inhibits NE reuptake

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9
Q

amphetatmines

A

increase NE release and inhibit NE re-uptake

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10
Q

atropine

A

antimuscaric - used to treat bradycardia and ophthalmic complications - uveitis, ophthalmologic exam (dilates pupil = mydriasis)
CONTRAINDICATED IN GLAUCOMA

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11
Q

scopolamine

A

CNS - antimuscarinic antagonist

tx:MOTION SICKNESS

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12
Q

benztropine

A

CNS - ANTIMUSCARINIC

tx: PARKINSON’S

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13
Q

homatropine

A

eye - antimuscarinic

mydriasis and cycloplegia (inhibits ciliary muscles - no accomodation)

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14
Q

trocipamide

A

eye - antimuscarinic

mydriasis and cycloplegia (inhibits ciliary muscles - no accomodation)

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15
Q

ipratropium

A

respiratory antimuscarinic

tx: COPD, ASTHMA

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16
Q

tiotropium

A

respiratory antimuscarinic - bronchodilation

tx: COPD, ASTHMA

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17
Q

oxybutynin

A

genitourinary - detrusor relaxation (delays voiding)

reduces urgency in mild cystitis and reduces bladder spasms

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18
Q

glycopyrrolate

A

GI & respiratory = decreases lacrimation, sweating, salivation, GI and bronchial secretions

prenteral: preoperative use to reduce airway secretions
oral: drooling, peptic ulcer

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19
Q

motion sickness treatment

A

antimuscarinics = scopolamine

antihistamines (with antimuscarinic action) = first generation H1 receptor blockers = MECLIZINE, DIMENHYDRINATE

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20
Q

meclizine

A

first generation antihistamine - ANTIHISTAMINE and ANTIMUSCARINIC effects
MOTION SICKNESS -

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21
Q

dimenhydrinate

A

first generation antihistamine -
ANTIHISTAMINE and ANTIMUSCARINIC effects
TX: MOTION SICKNESS

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22
Q

becthanechol

A

cholinergic agonist

STIMULATE PERISTALSIS IN postoperative ileus & treat ATONIC BLADDER (non-obstructive urinary retention)

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23
Q

carbachol

A

cholinergic agonist

lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma

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24
Q

pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist

lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma

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25
Q

methocholine

A

cholinergic agonist

diagnosis for asthma

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26
Q

neostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor
postoperative & neurogenic ileus & urinary retention
myasthenia gravis
reversal of NMJ blockade

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27
Q

pyridostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor - long acting

myasthenia gravis

28
Q

edrophonium

A

AChE inhibitor - short acting (10-20 min)

dx myasthenia gravis

29
Q

physostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor - CROSSES BBB (enters CNS) - tertiary amine

tx atropine overdose & glaucoma

30
Q

donepezil

A

AChE inhibitor = Alzheimer’s disease

31
Q

organophosphates

A

irreversibly inhibit AChE (phosphorylate) - (parathion) - insecticides
ANTIDOTE = ATROPINE + PRALIDOXIME

32
Q

pralidoxime

A

regenerates AChE

tx cholinesterase poisoning

33
Q

epinephrine

A

direct sympathomimetic - alpha 1, 2 & beta 1, 2 receptors

USE: ANAPHYLAXIS, GLAUCOMA (open angle), ASTHMA, HYPOTENSION

34
Q

norepinephrine

A

direct sympathomimetic - alpha 1 &2 & beta 1

use: HYPOTENSION (decreases renal perfusion

35
Q

isoproterenol

A

direct sympathomimetic - beta 1 & 2
use: tornado de points, bradyarrhythmias
INCREASES HR, DECREASES QT INTERVAL

36
Q

dopamine

A 
direct sympathomimetic
Dopamine D1 = low dose
beta 1 & 2 = medium dose
alpha 1 & 2 = high dose
tx: SHOCK, HF
37
Q

dobutamine

A

beta 1 direct sympathomimetic

HF, cardiac stress testing

38
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 & 2 direct sympathomimetic

tx: HYPOTENSION, ocular procedures, rhinitis

39
Q

albuterol

A 
direct sympathomimetic (beta 2 > beta 1)
use: ACUTE ASTHMA
40
Q

salmeterol

A 
direct sympathomimetic (beta 2 > beta 1)
use: LONG-TERM ASTHMA, COPD control
41
Q

terbutaline

A 
direct sympathomimetic (beta 2 > beta 1)
use: REDUCE PREMATURE UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
42
Q

metaproterenol

A 
direct sympathomimetic (beta 2 > beta 1)
use: ACUTE ASTHMA
43
Q

ritodrine

A 
direct sympathomimetic (beta 2)
use: REDUCE PREMATURE UTERINE CONTRACTIONS
44
Q

drugs to reduce premature uterine contractions

A

sympathomimetics
terbutaline
ritodrine

45
Q

amphetamine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
releases stored catecholamines
use: NARCOLEPSY, OBESITY, ADHD

46
Q

ephedrine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
releases stored catecholamines
use: nasal congestion, urinary incontinence, hyotension

47
Q

cocaine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
reuptake inhibitor
vasoconstriciton and local anesthesia

48
Q

tyrosine

A

catecholamine precursor
cleared by MAO
MAO inhibitors => HTN with tyramine containing foods

49
Q

clonidine

A

centrally acting alpha-2 agonist
decreases central sympathetic outflow
tx: HTN (esp with renal disease - no decrease in RBF) & opioid withdrawal

50
Q

alpha-methyldopa

A

centrally acting alpha-2 agonist
decreases central sympathetic outflow
tx: HTN (esp with renal disease - no decrease in RBF OR HTN in pregnancy)

51
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

IRREVERSIBLE nonselective alpha antagonist

use: PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (before surgery)

52
Q

phentolamine

A

REVERSIBLE nonselective alpha antagonist

tx: prevent hypertensive crisis in MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods

53
Q

prazosin

A

selective alpha-1 inhibitor

use: HTN, URINARY RETENTION BPH

54
Q

terazosin

A

selective alpha-1 inhibitor

use: HTN, URINARY RETENTION BPH

55
Q

doxazosin

A

selective alpha-1 inhibitor

use: HTN, URINARY RETENTION BPH

56
Q

tamsulosin

A

selective alpha-1 inhibitor

use: HTN, URINARY RETENTION BPH

57
Q

mirtazapine

A

alpha 2 selective inhibitor

use: DEPRESSION

58
Q

acebutolol

A

beta -1 selective blocker

partial agonist

59
Q

betaxolol

A

beta -1 selective blocker

60
Q

esmolol

A

beta -1 selective blocker

short acting

61
Q

atenolol

A

beta -1 selective blocker

62
Q

metoprolol

A

beta -1 selective blocker

63
Q

propranolol

A

nonselective beta blocker

64
Q

timolol

A

nonselective beta blocker

65
Q

pindolol

A

nonselective beta blocker

partial agonist

66
Q

labetalol

A

nonselective alpha and beta blocker

67
Q

carvedilol

A

nonselective beta blocker

USMLE Step1 (12 decks)

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