Tendon and ligament properties

Question 1

is strain positive or negative in tension

Answer 1

positive because it’s getting longer/getting pulled apart

Question 2

what 2 things determine stress and strain

Answer 2

object’s material and form

Question 3

modulus of elasticity

Answer 3

slope of stress strain curve (rise over run)

Question 4

how does the stress strain curve continue

Answer 4

continuous loading until failure/rupture

Question 5

first region of stress strain curve

Answer 5

elastic region - linear

Question 6

what are characteristics of the elastic region in the stress strain curve

Answer 6

material is not permanently change by loading and returns to normal after unloading

Question 7

middle region of stress strain curve

Answer 7

plastic region

Question 8

characteristics of the plastic region in the stress strain curve

Answer 8

material becomes permanently changed, and experiences residual strain

Question 9

residual strain

Answer 9

material cannot return to normal, and is leaved more stretched than before

Question 10

last point of stress strain curve

Answer 10

failure/rupture

Question 11

collagen

Answer 11

primary structural component

Question 12

what does water provide to the tissues

Answer 12

viscoelasticity

Question 13

what does the response to loading depend on in regard to viscoelasticity

Answer 13

rate of loading/rate that force is applied, not just the amount of force

Question 14

strain rate dependence

Answer 14

when force is applied quicker, the slope gets steeper (greater stress and strain)

Question 15

what is the affect on failure rate with a greater strain rate

Answer 15

it ruptures at the same length

Question 16

stress relaxation

Answer 16

stress will decrease without any change in strain

Question 17

is stress relaxation fast or slow

Answer 17

slow

Question 18

creep

Answer 18

strain increases without any change in stress

Question 19

what happens to strain over time during creep

Answer 19

gets a little bit longer

Question 20

hysteresis

Answer 20

some energy is lost between loading and unloading

Question 21

where does energy go during hysteresis

Answer 21

dissipated as heat

Question 22

what does the shaded area represent in hysteresis

Answer 22

energy lost between loading and unloading

Question 23

sprain

Answer 23

damage to ligament

Question 24

grade 1 sprain

Answer 24

small tears

Question 25

grade 2 sprain

Answer 25

large but incomplete tear

Question 26

grade 3 sprain

Answer 26

complete tear of ligament

Question 27

performance safety conflict/trade off

Answer 27

is being better at something worth having a higher risk for injury

Question 28

elastic potential energy during loading

Answer 28

there is storage of energy in tendons

Question 29

elastic potential energy during unloading

Answer 29

release of energy from tendons