Sensorimotor Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does the nervous system do
controls muscle activity
What does the muscular system do
contracts due to nervous system activity
2 parts of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
What is the CNS
brain and spinal cord
2 cells of the nervous system
neurons and glial
what are neurons
nerve cells, functional unit of NS
what is the main purpose of neurons
receive, process, and output info
what is the main purpose of glial cells
support cells and provides nourishment
what is the function of the nucleus in the neuron
genetic center of the cell
what is the function of the dendrites in the neuron
receive info from other neurons
what is the function of the cell body in the neuron
sums up info
what is the function of the axon in the neuron
transmits info from the cell body to the PS terminals
what is the function of the presynaptic terminals in the neuron
attaches to other neuron to relay info
3 types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneuron
what is another name for sensory neurons
afferent
what do sensory/afferent neurons do
deliver info TO the CNS
what is another name for motor neurons
efferent
what do motor/efferent neurons do
connect to muscle cells to cause contraction (send message)
what do interneurons do
connect sensory and motor neurons
what accounts for majority of the neurons in the nervous system
interneurons
what is the main function of glial cells
insulate, support, and nourish
what forms the myelin sheath
glial cells
what does the myelin sheath do
speeds up transmission of impulses
what is the “6th sense”
proprioception
what is proprioception
conscience perception of the body’s perception and movement without seeing it
where are the proprioception receptors housed
muscles, tendons, joints
what are muscle spindles
muscle stretch receptors
where are muscle spindles located
in the muscle
what do muscle spindles sense
change in muscle length
what is the control center of the NS
brain
what details/movements does the motor cortex specify
direction, magnitude, speed
3 divisions of the motor cortex
premotor, supplementary motor, primary motor
what does the left hemisphere control
right side of the body
what does the right hemisphere control
left side of the body
what does the left hemisphere specify
muscle force and timing
what does the right hemisphere specify
tactile and spatial discrimination
what is the purpose of the corpus callosum
facilities communication between L and R hemisphere
where is the basal ganglia located
deep inside the brain
where is movement initiated
basal ganglia
what part of the brain “plans” movement
basal ganglia
where is the cerebellum located
behind the brainstem
what does the cerebellum do
adjusts motor output and control posture
what happens when the cerebellum is damaged
loss of motor coordination
what does the spinal cord do other than link brain and muscles
processes some info
what is a characteristic of white matter in the spinal cord
myelinated
what is the purpose of white matter in the spinal cord
to form tracts to brain or muscle
what is a characteristic of gray matter
unmyelinated
what does gray matter house
interneurons
where do dorsal roots send info to and from
to spinal cord from muscle
what type of neuron is dorsal root (afferent or efferent)
afferent
where do ventral roots send info to and from
to muscle from spinal cord
what type of neuron is ventral root (afferent or efferent)
efferent
what does the axon run through
white matter
