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Biomechanics and Neurophysiology > Motor Control > Flashcards

Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

what is motor control

A

CNS ability to regulate voluntary and involuntary movement to meet the demands of the environment

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2
Q

Is involuntary or voluntary movement more modifiable

A

voluntary

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3
Q

where do short latency responses go

A

spinal cord

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4
Q

where do medium latency responses go

A

midbrain/brainstem

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5
Q

where do long latency responses go

A

through cerebellum to cerebral cortex

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6
Q

what are a couple pros of involuntary control

A

protective, doesn’t use many brain resources

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7
Q

what is a pro of voluntary control

A

modifiable

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8
Q

where do sensory systems transmit info to

A

CNS

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9
Q

where is sensory info processed

A

somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

what is the order of how a sensation is transmitted to the brain

A

respond to physical stimulus, convert stimulus to AP, give info to CNS to use

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11
Q

how do we detect stimuli

A

change in sensory neuron membrane

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12
Q

what type of neuron is a sensory receptor (afferent or efferent)

A

afferent

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13
Q

what type of neuron is a motor receptor (afferent or efferent)

A

efferent

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14
Q

definition of a stimuli

A

chemical or energy that activates a sensory receptor

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15
Q

adequate stimulus

A

type of stimulus which a certain receptor responds to

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16
Q

specificity of receptors

A

olfactory receptors - odor, visual receptors - photons ]]\

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17
Q

what is the stimuli and receptor for vision

A

photons and rods/cones

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18
Q

what is the stimuli and receptor for touch

A

pressure and mechanoreceptors

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19
Q

what is the stimuli and receptor for body movement

A

velocity and hair cells

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20
Q

what is the stimuli and receptor for proprioception

A

muscle stretch and muscle spindle

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21
Q

what is modality of stimuli

A

the what

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22
Q

what do rods pick up

A

dim light

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23
Q

what do cones pick up

A

bright light and colors

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24
Q

what provides balance and head orientation

A

semicircular canals

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25
what detects movement of fluid in the ear
hair cells
26
what is proprioception
ability to know where our body is in space
27
what are the stretch receptors
muscle spindles
28
what do muscle spindles detect
increase in muscle length
29
what are the receptors that detect force
golgi tendon organ
30
where is the golgi tendon organ located
muscle tendon junction
31
what do joint receptors provide info regarding
the joint at extreme positions
32
what does sensitivity of the skin depend on
number of receptors in the area
33
what is a dermatome map
map that shows what area of skin corresponds with nerves connecting to the spinal cord
34
where does afferent info enter in the spinal cord
dorsal horn
35
where does efferent info exit the spinal cord
ventral horn
36
how does timing affect latency
length of pathway and number of synapses
37
what reflex is monosynaptic
stretch reflex
38
what is posture
position of the body
39
what is balance
maintenance of posture
40
how is balance obtained
center of mass is aligned over the base of support
41
center of mass
mean position of matter in body
42
base of support
contact of body and support surface
43
how does our body rely on visual systems as we age
heavily at the beginning and end of life
44
how does our body rely on muscle systems as we age
heavily in middle age
45
how does our body rely on vestibular systems as we age
not a lot at all
46
how do we maintain balance
CNS predicts motor output and adjusts to correct errors
47
what is anticipatory postural adjustment
occurs PRIOR to limb movement to stabilize
48
what is compensatory postural adjustment
dependent on sensory feedback following loss of balance
49
how APA modified
by experience
50
how is CPA regulated
by cerebellum and brainstem
51
what is dynamics systems theory
the 3 factors that voluntary movement emerges from
52
what are the 3 factors that voluntary movement emerges from
the task, environment, and individual
53
what is the task of voluntary movement
goal and nature of the task
54
types of task complexity
discrete, serial, continuous
55
what is discrete complexity
defined beginning and end
56
what is serial complexity
series of discrete tasks to perform bigger task
57
what is continuous complexity
repeated with no defined beginning or end
58
what is the environment of voluntary movement
external factors
59
2 types of predictability of the environment
open and closed
60
what is open predictability
changing environment
61
what is closed predictability
static environment
62
what is the individual of voluntary movement
perception and cognition
63
what is perception in the individual
awareness of a sensation
64
what does perception involve
peripheral sensory info and info processing
65
what is cognition in the individual
processes to plan movement
66
what is motor ability
capacity that determines a person's potential
67
what is motor skill
actives and tasks performed using motor abilities to achieve a specific goal
68
is motor skill or ability learned
motor skill
69
what is reaction time
speed at which one voluntarily respond to stimulus
70
what is simple reaction time
one possible signal, one possible response
71
what is choice reaction time
more than 1 signal designates a unique response

Biomechanics and Neurophysiology (16 decks)

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