Bone and cartilage properties Flashcards
5 types of loading
compression, shear, torsion, bending, tension
compression loading
both ends are being pushed together
tension
both ends are being pulled apart
does a material break faster during compression or tension
tension
shear loading
forces acting in opposite directions perpendicular to surface
torsion loading
twisting about the midline
bending loading
combination of shear forces at multiple points, two points bending towards each other
why does an object resist compression more than tension
the further from the midline, the more the tension builds, whereas compression shrinks. the stress strain curve shows that tension reaches a breaking point quicker
what do minerals in a bone resist
compression
what do proteins in a bone resist
tension
compact bone
on the outside where more force happens
spongy bone
on the inside, towards the head of the bone
what happens to cartilage as stress increases
the area decreases, but slowly relaxes later on
how are collagen fibers arranged closer to the spongy bone
perpendicular to surface
how are collagen fibers arranged in the middle
randomly
how are collagen fibers arranged at the top, further from spongy bone
parallel to surface
osteoporosis
loss of bone density and greater bone porosity
wolff’s law
bone adapts to the loads it experiences
how does Wolff’s law help with osteoporosis
resistance training can help prevent bone weakness
osteoarthritis
wear and tear of articular cartilage
where is osteoporosis typically found
specific joints
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic autoimmune disease that leads to an inflammatory response
where is rheumatoid arthritis typically found
multiple joints
