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Histopathology > Temporomandibular Joint (Exam III) > Flashcards

Temporomandibular Joint (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Ruffini corpuscles are involved in:

A

Proprioception

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2
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Pacinian corpuscles are involved in:

A

Dynamic mechanoreception

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3
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Golgi tendon organs are involved in:

A

Static mechanoreception

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4
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Free nerve endings are involved in:

A

Pain

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5
Q

The TMJ is classified as a _______ joint

A

Synovial sliding-ginglymoid (hinged)

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6
Q

Joint that permits movement between two bones:

A

Synovial

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7
Q

In a synovial joint, each bone is covered by:

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

In a synovial joint, the two bones are united and surrounded by a _____ thereby creating a joint cavity

A

Fibrous capsule

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9
Q

The joint cavity of a synovial joint is filled with:

A

Synovial fluid

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10
Q

The synovial fluid in a synovial joint is derived from:

A

Villus cells which line the internal surface of the capsule

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11
Q

In a synovial joint a ____ is present which separates the bones:

A

fibrous disc

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12
Q

In the TMJ, both the condylar neck and head develop by:

A

Endochondral ossification

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13
Q

The condylar head of the TMJ developed by endochondral ossification and has _______ growth capacity

A

multidirectional

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14
Q

Unlike long bones in the body which also develop by endochondral ossification, the cartilage cells in the condylar head & neck DO NOT exhibit:

A

Ordered columns

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15
Q

Bones of the TMJ include the: (2)

A
  1. Glenoid fossa
  2. Mandibular condyle
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16
Q

What are the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle that forms the TMJ:

A

Superior & inferior

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17
Q

The superior head of the of the lateral pterygoid muscle of the TMJ attaches to the _____ & _____

A

Joint capsule & articular disc

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18
Q

The inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle of the TMJ attaches to the _____ in the ______

A

Condylar neck in the pterygoid fovea

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19
Q

The articulating surfaces of the TMJ are covered with a layer of:

A

Fibrous tissue

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20
Q

With increasing age, the deeper portions of the fibrous covering of of the articulating surface of the TMJ may exhibit:

A

Islands of cartilage

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21
Q

The root of the mandibular fossa is also known as the:

A

Glenoid fossa

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22
Q

The junction between the horizontal & vertically oriented collagen in the TMJ:

A

Articular line

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23
Q

The retrodiscal connective tissue is also called the:

A

Bilaminar zone

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24
Q

Comprised of collagen & elastic fibrous connective tissue, and fat cells and is highly vascular:

A

Retrodiscal connective tissue

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25
Q

In the retrodiscal connective tissue the elastic fibers insert into:

A

Petrotympanic fissure

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26
Q

In the TMJ, the disc is attached to the medial & lateral surfaces of the _____ but NOT the _____

A

Condyle; temporal bone

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27
Q

Because the disc of the TMJ is not attached to the temporal bone and is only attached to the medial and lateral surfaces of the condyle chia allows for the disc to travel well, over the:

A

Articular surface of the anterior fossa

28
Q

All articulation of the TMJ is on the ______ portion of the _____

A

Fibrous portion; disc

29
Q

The dense portion of the disc in the TMJ restrict _____ movement of the ____

A

Posterior movement; mandible

30
Q

The dense area of the disc of the TMJ maintains the condyle in the anterior part of the:

A

Glenoid fossa

31
Q

The ____ area allows the mandible to move freely in an anterior direction

A

Vascular retrodiscal

32
Q

The _____ lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule of the TMJ

A

Synovial membrane

33
Q

The TMJ synovial membrane consists of ____ distinct layers of tissue

A

three

34
Q

What are the three distinct layers of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A
  1. fibrous capsule
  2. Vascular subintima
  3. Intimal layer
35
Q

The most peripheral (external) layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

Fibrous capsule

36
Q

The intermediate layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

Vascular subintima

37
Q

The most internal layer of the of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

Intimal layer

38
Q

What two cell types are found in the intimal layer of the synovial membrane:

A

Type A synovial cells

Type B synovial cells

39
Q

Macrophage-like cells within the intimal layer that exhibit phagocytic functions and are capable of producing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, 6 & 8 and TNFA

A

Type A synovial cells

40
Q

Fibroblast like cells within the intimal layer that synthesize hyaluronate which is a major component of the synovial fluid in both the superior & inferior parts of the joint:

A

Type B synovial cells

41
Q

A major component of the synovial fluid found in both superior & inferior compartments of the joint:

A

Hyaluronate

42
Q

Hyaluronate is synthesized by:

A

Type-B synovial cells

43
Q

Chronic or acute joint trauma may cause the ______ cells to undergo a sycytial (fusing) transformation into multinucleated giant cells that exhibit osteoclastic-like functions (resorption of bone & cartilage)

A

Type A synovial cells

44
Q

When Type A synovial cells undergo trauma causing fusion into a mnultinucleate giant cell they may now exhibit:

A

Osteoclastic-like function

45
Q

If the inflammatory response in the TMJ is of sufficient intensity and duration, bone and cartilage resorption can also take p[lace within the:

A

Spongiosa of the condylar head and subjacent condylar neck

46
Q

T/F: Resorption can only take place on the external surface of the condyle

A

FALSE- Resorption can take place simultaneously on both the external and internal surfaces of the condyle

47
Q

Responsible for chemotaxis and vascular permeability:

A

Leukotrienes

48
Q

Responsible for vasodilation, edema & pain:

A

Prostaglandins

49
Q

Responsible for vasoconstriction:

A

Thromboxanes

50
Q

Injury to cell membranes causes ____ to be formed:

A

Membrane phospholipid

51
Q

Membrane phospholipid produces ____ which in turn produces ______

A

Phospholipase; arachidonic acid

52
Q

Arachidonic acid breaks down into:

A

Lipoxygenase & cycloxygenase

53
Q

Steroid (like Prednisone) act on:

A

Phospholipase

54
Q

Aspirin, NSAIDs, and Cox-2-inhibitors act on:

A

Cycloxygenase

55
Q

Cycloxygenase produces:

A

Prostaglandins & thromboxanes

56
Q

Lipoxygenase produces:

A

Leukotrienes

57
Q

Chronic or acute trauma of the TMJ results in activation of:

A

Arachidonic acid pathway

58
Q

The activation of the arachidonic acid pathways results in the production of (3):

A
  1. Leukotrienes
  2. Thromboxanes
  3. Prostaglandins
59
Q

Leukotrienes, thromboxjnes and prostaglandins produced via the activation of the arachidonic acid pathway act on:

A

Type A synovial cells

60
Q

Type A synovial cells produce _______ (4) when acted on by leukotrienes, thromboxjnes & prostaglandins

A

IL-1, 6 & 8
TNF-A

61
Q

When Type A synovial cells produce Il-1,6,& 8 & TNF-A this causes the activation of:

A

Macrophages & osteoclasts

62
Q

When macrophages and osteoclasts are activated within the arachidonic acid pathway this results in:

A

Tissue destruction

63
Q

Chronic inflammatory changes within the TMJ will result in _____ on the condylar heads

A

Osteophytes

64
Q

Chronic inflammatory changes within the TMJ will results a decreased _____ found in the retrodiscal area leading to _____ on function

A

Vascularity; pain

65
Q

When the disc of the TMJ is trapped in the antero-medial position, causing limited opening, pain and “clicking” upon opening:

A

Internal derangement

66
Q

Untreated fracture of the TMJ may result in:

A

Ankylosis

67
Q

Loss of articular coverings and synovial membranes of the TMJ leads to direct bone-to-bone fusion also called:

A

Ankylosis

Histopathology (15 decks)

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