Temporomandibular Joint (Exam III)

Question 1

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Ruffini corpuscles are involved in:

Answer 1

Proprioception

Question 2

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Pacinian corpuscles are involved in:

Answer 2

Dynamic mechanoreception

Question 3

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Golgi tendon organs are involved in:

Answer 3

Static mechanoreception

Question 4

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Free nerve endings are involved in:

Answer 4

Pain

Question 5

The TMJ is classified as a _______ joint

Answer 5

Synovial sliding-ginglymoid (hinged)

Question 6

Joint that permits movement between two bones:

Answer 6

Synovial

Question 7

In a synovial joint, each bone is covered by:

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

In a synovial joint, the two bones are united and surrounded by a _____ thereby creating a joint cavity

Answer 8

Fibrous capsule

Question 9

The joint cavity of a synovial joint is filled with:

Answer 9

Synovial fluid

Question 10

The synovial fluid in a synovial joint is derived from:

Answer 10

Villus cells which line the internal surface of the capsule

Question 11

In a synovial joint a ____ is present which separates the bones:

Answer 11

fibrous disc

Question 12

In the TMJ, both the condylar neck and head develop by:

Answer 12

Endochondral ossification

Question 13

The condylar head of the TMJ developed by endochondral ossification and has _______ growth capacity

Answer 13

multidirectional

Question 14

Unlike long bones in the body which also develop by endochondral ossification, the cartilage cells in the condylar head & neck DO NOT exhibit:

Answer 14

Ordered columns

Question 15

Bones of the TMJ include the: (2)

Answer 15

1. Glenoid fossa
2. Mandibular condyle

Question 16

What are the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle that forms the TMJ:

Answer 16

Superior & inferior

Question 17

The superior head of the of the lateral pterygoid muscle of the TMJ attaches to the _____ & _____

Answer 17

Joint capsule & articular disc

Question 18

The inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle of the TMJ attaches to the _____ in the ______

Answer 18

Condylar neck in the pterygoid fovea

Question 19

The articulating surfaces of the TMJ are covered with a layer of:

Answer 19

Fibrous tissue

Question 20

With increasing age, the deeper portions of the fibrous covering of of the articulating surface of the TMJ may exhibit:

Answer 20

Islands of cartilage

Question 21

The root of the mandibular fossa is also known as the:

Answer 21

Glenoid fossa

Question 22

The junction between the horizontal & vertically oriented collagen in the TMJ:

Answer 22

Articular line

Question 23

The retrodiscal connective tissue is also called the:

Answer 23

Bilaminar zone

Question 24

Comprised of collagen & elastic fibrous connective tissue, and fat cells and is highly vascular:

Answer 24

Retrodiscal connective tissue

Question 25

In the retrodiscal connective tissue the elastic fibers insert into:

Answer 25

Petrotympanic fissure

Question 26

In the TMJ, the disc is attached to the medial & lateral surfaces of the _____ but NOT the _____

Answer 26

Condyle; temporal bone

Question 27

Because the disc of the TMJ is not attached to the temporal bone and is only attached to the medial and lateral surfaces of the condyle chia allows for the disc to travel well, over the:

Answer 27

Articular surface of the anterior fossa

Question 28

All articulation of the TMJ is on the ______ portion of the _____

Answer 28

Fibrous portion; disc

Question 29

The dense portion of the disc in the TMJ restrict _____ movement of the ____

Answer 29

Posterior movement; mandible

Question 30

The dense area of the disc of the TMJ maintains the condyle in the anterior part of the:

Answer 30

Glenoid fossa

Question 31

The ____ area allows the mandible to move freely in an anterior direction

Answer 31

Vascular retrodiscal

Question 32

The _____ lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule of the TMJ

Answer 32

Synovial membrane

Question 33

The TMJ synovial membrane consists of ____ distinct layers of tissue

Answer 33

three

Question 34

What are the three distinct layers of the TMJ synovial membrane:

Answer 34

1. fibrous capsule 2. Vascular subintima 3. Intimal layer

Question 35

The most peripheral (external) layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

Answer 35

Fibrous capsule

Question 36

The intermediate layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

Answer 36

Vascular subintima

Question 37

The most internal layer of the of the TMJ synovial membrane:

Answer 37

Intimal layer

Question 38

What two cell types are found in the intimal layer of the synovial membrane:

Answer 38

Type A synovial cells Type B synovial cells

Question 39

Macrophage-like cells within the intimal layer that exhibit phagocytic functions and are capable of producing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, 6 & 8 and TNFA

Answer 39

Type A synovial cells

Question 40

Fibroblast like cells within the intimal layer that synthesize hyaluronate which is a major component of the synovial fluid in both the superior & inferior parts of the joint:

Answer 40

Type B synovial cells

Question 41

A major component of the synovial fluid found in both superior & inferior compartments of the joint:

Answer 41

Hyaluronate

Question 42

Hyaluronate is synthesized by:

Answer 42

Type-B synovial cells

Question 43

Chronic or acute joint trauma may cause the ______ cells to undergo a sycytial (fusing) transformation into multinucleated giant cells that exhibit osteoclastic-like functions (resorption of bone & cartilage)

Answer 43

Type A synovial cells

Question 44

When Type A synovial cells undergo trauma causing fusion into a mnultinucleate giant cell they may now exhibit:

Answer 44

Osteoclastic-like function

Question 45

If the inflammatory response in the TMJ is of sufficient intensity and duration, bone and cartilage resorption can also take p[lace within the:

Answer 45

Spongiosa of the condylar head and subjacent condylar neck

Question 46

T/F: Resorption can only take place on the external surface of the condyle

Answer 46

FALSE- Resorption can take place simultaneously on both the external and internal surfaces of the condyle

Question 47

Responsible for chemotaxis and vascular permeability:

Answer 47

Leukotrienes

Question 48

Responsible for vasodilation, edema & pain:

Answer 48

Prostaglandins

Question 49

Responsible for vasoconstriction:

Answer 49

Thromboxanes

Question 50

Injury to cell membranes causes ____ to be formed:

Answer 50

Membrane phospholipid

Question 51

Membrane phospholipid produces ____ which in turn produces ______

Answer 51

Phospholipase; arachidonic acid

Question 52

Arachidonic acid breaks down into:

Answer 52

Lipoxygenase & cycloxygenase

Question 53

Steroid (like Prednisone) act on:

Answer 53

Phospholipase

Question 54

Aspirin, NSAIDs, and Cox-2-inhibitors act on:

Answer 54

Cycloxygenase

Question 55

Cycloxygenase produces:

Answer 55

Prostaglandins & thromboxanes

Question 56

Lipoxygenase produces:

Answer 56

Leukotrienes

Question 57

Chronic or acute trauma of the TMJ results in activation of:

Answer 57

Arachidonic acid pathway

Question 58

The activation of the arachidonic acid pathways results in the production of (3):

Answer 58

1. Leukotrienes 2. Thromboxanes 3. Prostaglandins

Question 59

Leukotrienes, thromboxjnes and prostaglandins produced via the activation of the arachidonic acid pathway act on:

Answer 59

Type A synovial cells

Question 60

Type A synovial cells produce _______ (4) when acted on by leukotrienes, thromboxjnes & prostaglandins

Answer 60

IL-1, 6 & 8 TNF-A

Question 61

When Type A synovial cells produce Il-1,6,& 8 & TNF-A this causes the activation of:

Answer 61

Macrophages & osteoclasts

Question 62

When macrophages and osteoclasts are activated within the arachidonic acid pathway this results in:

Answer 62

Tissue destruction

Question 63

Chronic inflammatory changes within the TMJ will result in _____ on the condylar heads

Answer 63

Osteophytes

Question 64

Chronic inflammatory changes within the TMJ will results a decreased _____ found in the retrodiscal area leading to _____ on function

Answer 64

Vascularity; pain

Question 65

When the disc of the TMJ is trapped in the antero-medial position, causing limited opening, pain and "clicking" upon opening:

Answer 65

Internal derangement

Question 66

Untreated fracture of the TMJ may result in:

Answer 66

Ankylosis

Question 67

Loss of articular coverings and synovial membranes of the TMJ leads to direct bone-to-bone fusion also called:

Answer 67

Ankylosis