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Histopathology > Dental Pulp (Exam II) > Flashcards

Dental Pulp (Exam II) Flashcards

1
Q

What components can be found in mature dental pulp?

A

Dentin
Predentin
Odontoblast layer
Cell rich zone
Pulpal core
Pulpal dendritic cells

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2
Q

The dental pulp consists of _____ tissue derived from _____ cells

A

loose connective
neural crest (ectomesenchymal) cells

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3
Q

Mature dental pulp is divided into what two compartments?

A
  1. Odontogenic zone
  2. Pulpal core
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4
Q

Odontoblast cell layer
Cell-free zone of Weil
Cell-rich zone
Parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s plexus)

These are all components of:

A

The odontogenic zone of mature dentin

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5
Q

Fibroblasts
Type I & III collagen
Extracellular matrix
Blood vessels
Nerve tissue

These are all components of:

A

The pulpal core of mature dentin

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6
Q

Functions of the dental pulp include:

A
  1. Embryonic induction
  2. Formative
  3. Protective
  4. Reparative
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7
Q

Cell populations in pulpal tissues include: (8)

A
  1. Odontoblasts
  2. Fibroblasts
  3. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  4. Macrophages
  5. Dendritic cells
  6. Blood vessel related cells
  7. Neural-related cells
  8. Lymphocytes
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8
Q

The extracellular matrix of pulpal tissues includes what type of collagen?

A

Type I, III, IV, & V

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9
Q

Non-collagenous matrix components of dental pulp inlcude: (5)

A
  1. Proteoglycans
  2. Glycosaminoglycans
  3. Phosphoproteins
  4. Glycoproteins
  5. Gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins
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10
Q

The gamma-carboxyglutamate containing proteins include:

A
  1. BMP-2, 4 & 7
  2. Fibroblasts growth factor
  3. Epidermal growth factor
  4. Dentin matrix protein
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11
Q

Pulpal innervation includes both _____ & _____ nerve axons

A

Myelinated & nonmyelinated

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12
Q

The pulpal innervation (axons) progressively branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as the _____

A

Parietal neural plexus

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13
Q

The parietal neural plexus may also be called:

A

Raschow’s plexus

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14
Q

The pulpal axons progressively branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as the parietal neural plexus, on to the _________ cell layer & some fibers enter _______

A

Odontoblastic cell layer
Dentinal tubules

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15
Q

Most nerve endings in pulp are for:

A

Pain

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16
Q

The nerve endings in pulp that are for pain are:

A

Free nerve endings as sensory afferents from trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

A few nerve endings in the dental pulp are concerned with:

A

Vasodilation/vasoconstriction

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18
Q

Sensory afferents in the dental pulp come from:

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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19
Q

Sensory afferents from the trigeminal nerve in the dental pulp include:

A
  1. Pain
  2. Mechanical (pressure)
  3. Thermal (heat)
  4. Tactile (touch)
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20
Q

____ branches from the superior cervical ganglion are primarily vasomotor fibers to pulpal blood vessels concerned for the most part with _____.

A

Sympathetic
Vasoconstriction

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21
Q

The majority of myelinated pulpal nerve axons are:

A

A-deltaa

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22
Q

A-delta myelinated pulpal nerve axons are:

A

Fast conducting

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23
Q

What is the diameter range of A-delta myelinated pulpal nerves axons:

A

1-6 micrometers

24
Q

1% of myelinated nerve fibers are classified as _____ fibers

A

A-beta

25
Q

What is the diameter range of A-beta myelinated pulpal nerve fibers?

A

6-12 micrometers

26
Q

Nonmyelinated fibers are designated as ___ fibers & have small diameters ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 micrometers

A

C-fibers

27
Q

Fibers that are associated with SHARP, localized pain:

A

A-delta fibers

28
Q

Fibers that are associated with dull, diffuse pain:

A

C-fibers

29
Q

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Vasodilation & stimulates fibroblast cell division

30
Q

Substance P is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Vasodilation & stimulates fibroblast cell division

31
Q

Epinephrine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Vasoconstriction of smooth muscle

32
Q

Norepinephrine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Sympathetic vasconstriction

33
Q

Dopamine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Vasoactive or a precursor of epinpehrine

34
Q

Endorphin is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

A

Silencer of nociceptors (silencer of pain)

35
Q

List the neurotransmitters identified in dental pulp (6):

A
  1. CGRP
  2. Substance P
  3. Epineprhine
  4. Norepinephrine
  5. Dopamine
  6. Endorphine
36
Q

Each nerve fiber in dental pulp contributes atleast _____ to Raschow’s plexus.

A

8 branches

37
Q

Each nerve fiber in dental pulp contributes alteast 8 branches in Raschow’s plexus. Most terminate in the plexus as:

A

Free nonmyelinated nerve endings

38
Q

The terminal capillaries in dental pulp ______ deep to the odontoblastic layer

A

Anastomose

39
Q

Capillary loops are dense in the _____ & _____ & significantly less dense in the _____

A

Coronal & pulp horns

Radicular pulp

40
Q

_____ & ____ capillaries and ____ vessels are found in the pulp

A

Continuous & fenestrated
Lymph vessels

41
Q

With aging, blood vessels in the pulp will exhibit changes such as _____

A

Cholesterol plaques (atherosclerosis)

42
Q

If progressive and severe, atherosclerotic plaques can result in _____ due to vessel strangulation

A

Pulpal hypoxia

43
Q

_______ leak serum that becomes a component of the so-called “tissue fluid”

A

Fenestrated capillaries

44
Q

Contributes to swelling & edema due to significant leakage of serum & states of inflammation

A

Fenestrated capillaries

45
Q

Occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury (like multiple restorations in a single tooth, chronic bruxism, repeated thermal insult, etc.)

A

Pulpal fibrosis

46
Q

Irregular calcified deposits along collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels resulting from chronic low-grade inflammation

A

Diffuse calcifications

47
Q

Pulp stones may also be called:

A

Denticles

48
Q

True pulp stones contain _____

False pulp stones feature concentric layers of _____ but are void of _____

A

Dentinal tubules

Calcified tissues; dentinal tubules

49
Q

Classifications of pulp stones include:

A
  1. Free
  2. Attached
  3. Embedded
50
Q

Defined as a dense aggregation of neutrophils and macrophages and other inflammatory cells within connective tissue undergoing liquefactive necrosis:

A

Pulpal abscess

51
Q

What type of macrophages are found in pulpal abscesses?

A
  1. Vacuolated macrophages
  2. Syncytial macrophages or giant cells
52
Q

What do the syncytial macrophages or giant cells in a pulpal abscess do?

A

Resorb dentin adjacent to the inflammed pulp

53
Q

Due to the inability of pulpal tissue to swell, the increasing edema & inflammatory cell infiltration will eventually lead to ______ that in turn is expressed clinically by ______ & ______ of the PDL & associated alveolar bone

A

Pulpal necrosis

Persistent pain; periapical necrosis

54
Q

Seen on dental radiographs as a radiolucent area associated with the apex of the involved tooth:

A

Periapical necrosis

55
Q

Treatment for periapical abscess would include:

A

I&D or endodontic therapy

Histopathology (15 decks)

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