Temporal Lobe Flashcards
the temporal lobe is ______ to the occipital lobe
anterior
the temporal lobe is the tissue below the
lateral/sylvian fissure
subcortical temporal lobe circuit limbic cortex connections?
amygdala
hippocamous
congulate cortex
subdivisions of the temporal cortex (5)
lateral surface insula multimodal cortex medial temporal cortex TH and TF
lateral surface
- auditory areas
- visual areas
Insula
- Inferior to sylvian fissure
- Gustatory cortex
- Auditory association cortex
- Area under sylvian fissure
- Gustatory cortex
- Auditory association
Multimodal cortex
- superior temporal cortex
input from auditory, visual and somatic regions
medial temporal cortex
- amygdala and adjacent cortex
- hippocampus and surrounding cortex
- fusiform gyrus
TH and TF
parahippocampal
Auditory cortex
- Lateral fissure
- Parts of Heschl’s gyrus and superior temporal gyrus
- Includes planum temporal
- Roughly Brodmann areas 41, 42, and partially 22
connections of the temporal cortex
- Afferent projections from sensory systems
- efferent projections to parietal and frontal association regions (limbic system and basal ganglia)
left and right hemisphere connected by
corpus callosum
anterior commissure
hierarchal sensory pathway
incoming auditory and visual information
stimulus recognition
dorsal auditory pathway
auditory cortex
detection of spatial location /movement
polymodal pathway
from auditory and visual areas to the polymodal cortex (STS)
stimulus categorization
medial temporal projection
from auditory and visual areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala
performant pathway
memory
frontal lobe projection
auditory and visual cortex to frontal lobe
movement control
memory
affect
where has launched a brain imaging factory
china
50 automated imaging machines
the hippocampus
- temporal lobe
- memory and navigation
- Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia occur partly due to damage in this area of the brain, resulting in early symptoms including short term memory loss and disorientation
- damage may result in inability to form and retain new memories
- It also closely is related to other diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, transient global amnesia and PTSD
- However, the role of the hippocampus in complex brain networks, particularly its influence on brain-wide functional connectivity, is not well understood by scientists
- Functional connectivity refers to the functional integration between spatially separated brain regions
University of Hong Kong Breakthrough Study
highlight the role of low frequency activity propagating along the hippocampal-cortical pathway, particularly its contribution to brain-wide functional connectivity and enhancement of sensory functions
Is Alzheimers reversible?
no
is Alzheimers a normal part of aging
no
what is typical first symptom of Alzheimers
decline in non-memory aspects of cognition, such as visual/spatial issues, and impaired reasoning or judgment
Mild Alzheimers
- greater memory loss ad it progresses
- often diagnosis happens at this stage
- problems include: wandering and getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills, repeating questions, taking longer to complete normal daily tasks, personality and behavior changes
Moderate Alzheimers
- begin to have problems recognizing family and friends
- may be unable to learn new things, complete multiple step tasks (getting dressed), or cope with new situations
- hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and may be impulsive
Severe Alzheimers
- plaques and tangles spread throughout the brain and brain tissue significantly shrinks
- cannot communicate and completely dependent on others care
- Near the end, the person may be in bed most or all of the time as the body shuts down.
Alzheimers Diagnosis
- ask past medical problems, changes in behaviour or personality
- conduct tests of: memory, problem solving, attention, counting, and language
- do standard medical tests (blood, urine etc)
- Perform brain scans (CT, MRI, PET)
Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)
- separates the superior and middle temporal gyri
- activated during perception of biological motion
- cells in STS are maximally sensitive to movement of primate bodies that are moving in particular direction
Hasson and colleagues
- monitor activity with fMRI
- found activity in the auditory and visual regions in the temporal lobe in the STS, and cingulate regions
do dogs have preference for faces of human and dogs
yes
Tanks and colleauges
- cells in area TE require complex features for activation
- cells with similar selectivity cluster in vertical columns
- neuron specificity altered by experience
thatcher illusion shows
we have little experience with upside down face
what do humans spend most o their time staring at
faces
loudness
magnitude of sensation as judged by a given person
timpre
the distinctive characteristic of a sound
pitch
position of a sound on a musical scale (frequency)
right temporal lobe music processing
meter (beat)
left temporal lobe music processing
temporal groupoing for rythym
right temporal lobe extracts what from all sounds
- pitch (speech and music)
- “tone of voice”, pitch, and speed
musicians have a larger volume of gray and and white matter in ________
Heschl’s gyrus
left hemisphere is thought to be …
analytic
right hemisphere is thought to be …
artistic
symptoms of temporal lobe lesions
- Auditory disturbances (hallucinations, cortical deafness)
- Disorders of musical perception
- Impaired organization, recognition, and categorization
- Inability to use contextual information
- Memory problems
- Altered personality and affective behavior
- Altered sexual behavior
What is most common symptom of schizophrenia
auditory hallucinations
what do auditory hallucinations activate
primary auditory cortex
broca’s area
Meier and French rest
which figure is different
Hidden figure test
find the figure in the shapes
complex figure test
as accurately as possible redraw the figure
mooney closure test
point to face in the figure
Astrocytoma
cancer of the brain
astrocytoma in temporal lobe
recall is disturbed
Wechsler Memory Scale
measure ability to recall main points and important part of story/conversation/situation
tumor of right temporal lobe
- visual memory deficit
- difficulty with immediate recall
- little recall after 10 minutes
stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex produces what feeling
fear
temporal lobe personality
- Personality that overemphasizes trivial and petty details of life
- Pedantic speech: overly concerned about minute details.
- Egocentricity
- Perseveration
- Paranoia
- Preoccupation with religion
- Proneness to aggression
temporal cortex functions
- processing auditory input
- visual object recognition
- long term storage of sensory storage
ventral stream
object recognition
from inferotemporal cortex to ventral striatum and other cortical areas
what area is responsible for categorization
area TE
affective processes
ability to react differently to different stimuli
___________ encodes places in space
hippocampus
superior central sulcus
detects biological motion
are faces special
yes
right temporal lesion
impaired pitch discrimination
right posterior superior temporal gyrus damage
impaired rhythm discrimination
