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PSYCH 2NF3 > Temporal Lobe > Flashcards

Temporal Lobe Flashcards

1
Q

the temporal lobe is ______ to the occipital lobe

A

anterior

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2
Q

the temporal lobe is the tissue below the

A

lateral/sylvian fissure

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3
Q

subcortical temporal lobe circuit limbic cortex connections?

A

amygdala
hippocamous
congulate cortex

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4
Q

subdivisions of the temporal cortex (5)

A 
lateral surface
insula
multimodal cortex
medial temporal cortex
TH and TF
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5
Q

lateral surface

A
  • auditory areas

- visual areas

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6
Q

Insula

A
  • Inferior to sylvian fissure
  • Gustatory cortex
  • Auditory association cortex
  • Area under sylvian fissure
  • Gustatory cortex
  • Auditory association
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7
Q

Multimodal cortex

A
  • superior temporal cortex

input from auditory, visual and somatic regions

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8
Q

medial temporal cortex

A
  • amygdala and adjacent cortex
  • hippocampus and surrounding cortex
  • fusiform gyrus
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9
Q

TH and TF

A

parahippocampal

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10
Q

Auditory cortex

A
  • Lateral fissure
  • Parts of Heschl’s gyrus and superior temporal gyrus
  • Includes planum temporal
  • Roughly Brodmann areas 41, 42, and partially 22
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11
Q

connections of the temporal cortex

A
  • Afferent projections from sensory systems

- efferent projections to parietal and frontal association regions (limbic system and basal ganglia)

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12
Q

left and right hemisphere connected by

A

corpus callosum

anterior commissure

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13
Q

hierarchal sensory pathway

A

incoming auditory and visual information

stimulus recognition

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14
Q

dorsal auditory pathway

A

auditory cortex

detection of spatial location /movement

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15
Q

polymodal pathway

A

from auditory and visual areas to the polymodal cortex (STS)
stimulus categorization

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16
Q

medial temporal projection

A

from auditory and visual areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala
performant pathway
memory

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17
Q

frontal lobe projection

A

auditory and visual cortex to frontal lobe
movement control
memory
affect

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18
Q

where has launched a brain imaging factory

A

china

50 automated imaging machines

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19
Q

the hippocampus

A
  • temporal lobe
  • memory and navigation
  • Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia occur partly due to damage in this area of the brain, resulting in early symptoms including short term memory loss and disorientation
  • damage may result in inability to form and retain new memories
  • It also closely is related to other diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, transient global amnesia and PTSD
  • However, the role of the hippocampus in complex brain networks, particularly its influence on brain-wide functional connectivity, is not well understood by scientists
  • Functional connectivity refers to the functional integration between spatially separated brain regions
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20
Q

University of Hong Kong Breakthrough Study

A

highlight the role of low frequency activity propagating along the hippocampal-cortical pathway, particularly its contribution to brain-wide functional connectivity and enhancement of sensory functions

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21
Q

Is Alzheimers reversible?

A

no

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22
Q

is Alzheimers a normal part of aging

A

no

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23
Q

what is typical first symptom of Alzheimers

A

decline in non-memory aspects of cognition, such as visual/spatial issues, and impaired reasoning or judgment

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24
Q

Mild Alzheimers

A
  • greater memory loss ad it progresses
  • often diagnosis happens at this stage
  • problems include: wandering and getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills, repeating questions, taking longer to complete normal daily tasks, personality and behavior changes
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25
Q

Moderate Alzheimers

A
  • begin to have problems recognizing family and friends
  • may be unable to learn new things, complete multiple step tasks (getting dressed), or cope with new situations
  • hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and may be impulsive
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26
Q

Severe Alzheimers

A
  • plaques and tangles spread throughout the brain and brain tissue significantly shrinks
  • cannot communicate and completely dependent on others care
  • Near the end, the person may be in bed most or all of the time as the body shuts down.
27
Q

Alzheimers Diagnosis

A
  • ask past medical problems, changes in behaviour or personality
  • conduct tests of: memory, problem solving, attention, counting, and language
  • do standard medical tests (blood, urine etc)
  • Perform brain scans (CT, MRI, PET)
28
Q

Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)

A
  • separates the superior and middle temporal gyri
  • activated during perception of biological motion
  • cells in STS are maximally sensitive to movement of primate bodies that are moving in particular direction
29
Q

Hasson and colleagues

A
  • monitor activity with fMRI

- found activity in the auditory and visual regions in the temporal lobe in the STS, and cingulate regions

30
Q

do dogs have preference for faces of human and dogs

A

yes

31
Q

Tanks and colleauges

A
  • cells in area TE require complex features for activation
  • cells with similar selectivity cluster in vertical columns
  • neuron specificity altered by experience
32
Q

thatcher illusion shows

A

we have little experience with upside down face

33
Q

what do humans spend most o their time staring at

A

faces

34
Q

loudness

A

magnitude of sensation as judged by a given person

35
Q

timpre

A

the distinctive characteristic of a sound

36
Q

pitch

A

position of a sound on a musical scale (frequency)

37
Q

right temporal lobe music processing

A

meter (beat)

38
Q

left temporal lobe music processing

A

temporal groupoing for rythym

39
Q

right temporal lobe extracts what from all sounds

A
  • pitch (speech and music)

- “tone of voice”, pitch, and speed

40
Q

musicians have a larger volume of gray and and white matter in ________

A

Heschl’s gyrus

41
Q

left hemisphere is thought to be …

A

analytic

42
Q

right hemisphere is thought to be …

A

artistic

43
Q

symptoms of temporal lobe lesions

A
  • Auditory disturbances (hallucinations, cortical deafness)
  • Disorders of musical perception
  • Impaired organization, recognition, and categorization
  • Inability to use contextual information
  • Memory problems
  • Altered personality and affective behavior
  • Altered sexual behavior
44
Q

What is most common symptom of schizophrenia

A

auditory hallucinations

45
Q

what do auditory hallucinations activate

A

primary auditory cortex

broca’s area

46
Q

Meier and French rest

A

which figure is different

47
Q

Hidden figure test

A

find the figure in the shapes

48
Q

complex figure test

A

as accurately as possible redraw the figure

49
Q

mooney closure test

A

point to face in the figure

50
Q

Astrocytoma

A

cancer of the brain

51
Q

astrocytoma in temporal lobe

A

recall is disturbed

52
Q

Wechsler Memory Scale

A

measure ability to recall main points and important part of story/conversation/situation

53
Q

tumor of right temporal lobe

A
  • visual memory deficit
  • difficulty with immediate recall
  • little recall after 10 minutes
54
Q

stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex produces what feeling

A

fear

55
Q

temporal lobe personality

A
  • Personality that overemphasizes trivial and petty details of life
  • Pedantic speech: overly concerned about minute details.
  • Egocentricity
  • Perseveration
  • Paranoia
  • Preoccupation with religion
  • Proneness to aggression
56
Q

temporal cortex functions

A
  • processing auditory input
  • visual object recognition
  • long term storage of sensory storage
57
Q

ventral stream

A

object recognition

from inferotemporal cortex to ventral striatum and other cortical areas

58
Q

what area is responsible for categorization

A

area TE

59
Q

affective processes

A

ability to react differently to different stimuli

60
Q

___________ encodes places in space

A

hippocampus

61
Q

superior central sulcus

A

detects biological motion

62
Q

are faces special

A

yes

63
Q

right temporal lesion

A

impaired pitch discrimination

64
Q

right posterior superior temporal gyrus damage

A

impaired rhythm discrimination

PSYCH 2NF3 (13 decks)

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