Alcohol (test 1) Flashcards
drinking guidelines for men
- 15 drinks a week
- no more than 3 a day most days
drinking guidelines for women
- 10 drinks a week
- no more than 2 a day most days
heavy drinking
- drinking 5 or more drinks in one occasion
- 12 or more times over the past year
typical spike in drinking habits
18-24
Mac got your back campaign
education on a standard drink
BAC of intoxication
0.08
BAC to vomit, and trigger zone
0.15, trigger zone is Area Postrema
ethyl alcool
- drinking alcohol
- smaller and can get into bloodstream easier
methyl alcohol
fuel and industrial solvents
isopropyl alcohol
rubbing alcohol
________ inhibitory neurotransmitters
increases
- GABA
- glycine
- adenosine
________ excitatory neurotransmitters
decreases
- glutamate
- aspartate
too much firing of neurotransmitters may cause ________
seizures
glutamate with acute use
- inhibition of glutamate transmission by reducing, decreasing the effectiveness of glutamate at the NMDA receptors
- memory loss
glutamate with chronic use
- increases the number of NMDA receptors in response to reduced glutamate activity
glutamate response in withdrawal
increased glutamate activity , brain damage
GABA with acute use
enhances GABA induced Cl- influx
hyper polarization
GABA with chromic use
neuro-adaptation compensates for initial GABA enhancing, contributes to appearance of tolerance and signs of withdrawal (seizures)
dopamine with acute use
increase in transmission in meso-limbic tract (pleasure)
dopamine with chronic use
reduced firing rate
drink more to chase the feeling of the original happy pleasure
opioids response to withdrawal
negative affect
opioids with acute use
increase in endogenous opioid synthesis and release (reinforcement)
opioids with chronic use
neuro-adaptive decrease in endorphin levels (dysphoria)
first ___% of alcohol absorbed in stomach
10%
rest absorbed in what order ________
The intestines, bloodstream, then the liver
how much can the body effectively metabolize
1 drink per hour
symptoms of intoxication
- relaxation
- memory deficits
- decreased social inhibition
- decreased judgement
- decreased coordination
- impaired fine motor
- delayed reaction time
what factors can impact impairment
- speed of consumption
- food consumption
- mixed with drugs
- frequency of alcohol consumption
- mood and physiological makeup
- size, weight, sex
male vs. females
- alcohol dehydrogenase is 60% more active in genetic males
- leaving an increased percent of alcohol to be absorbed in the blood of women
alcohol breakdown
alcohol broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase into acetaldehyde which is broken down by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase into acetic acid which is broken down by oxidation into CO2, H2O, energy
Alcohol and dopamine neurons
- causes increased firing of dopamine neurons
- NOT increase in dopamine throughout the brain
- dopamine increase in reward pathway
alcohol induced brain damage
- increased ventricle size from neuronal death
- decrease in axon health
hierarchal organization
Higher levels of information processing control the more complex aspects of behaviour
