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PSYCH 2NF3 > Brain Structure (test 1) > Flashcards

Brain Structure (test 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

dorsal root

A

senstion

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2
Q

ventral root

A

motor

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3
Q

ipsilateral

A

2 structures on same side of brain

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4
Q

contralateral

A

2 structures on opposite side of brain

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5
Q

bilateral

A

same structures on both sides of brains

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6
Q

proximal

A

close together

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7
Q

MRI can see ___

A

CSF

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8
Q

CSF fills ___

A

ventricles

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9
Q

CSF prevents brain from experiencing ____

A

shock

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10
Q

4 ventricles

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles to the side
  • 3rd is medial
  • 4th is spinal column
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11
Q

Cerebral Security

A
  • blood vessels in CNS are very tightly packed
  • have many arteries that carry oxygenated blood to brain
  • circle of willis provides blood to all of the brain
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12
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

collects sensory information

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

PNS

parasympathetic: rest and digest
sympathetic: fight or flight

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14
Q

afferent

A

sensory

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15
Q

effent

A

motor pathways

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16
Q

average length of spinal cord

A

43-45 cm

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17
Q

___ motor and sensory nerves in the spinal cord

A

31

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18
Q

cervical spine

A

C1-C8
top of spine
injury impairs from neck down

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19
Q

thoracic spine

A

T1-T12
injury impairs breathing and digestion
injury causes loss of functions in lumbar and sacral regions

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20
Q

lumbar spine

A

L1-L5
injury impairs movement of legs and feet
loss of function in sacral region aswell

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21
Q

sacral region

A

S1-S5

injury impairs bladder / bowel control and sexual function

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22
Q

complete spinal cord injury

A

loss of function below damage

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23
Q

incomplete spinal cord injury

A

partial impairment below injury

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24
Q

sensory neurons

A

bipolar (retina)

unipolar (skin, muscle)

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25
Q

interneurons

A 
stellate cell (thalamus)
pyramidal cells (cortex)
purkinje cell (cerebellum)
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26
Q

motor neurons

A

multi polar (spinal cord)

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27
Q

Allan Jones

A
  • Allans institute for Brain Science
  • would receive brain
    take MRI
  • remove from skull
  • slice thinly and stain
  • digitize and further fragment
    extract rNA
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28
Q

spinal cord disks

A
  • in between vertebrae

- act as shock absorber

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29
Q

slipped disk common in

A
  • over weight
  • occupation with heavy lifting
  • in genetics
30
Q

treatment for disk slipped

A
  • over the counter meds
  • narcotics
  • anticonvulsants
  • muscle relaxers
    cortisone injections
  • surgeons can remove part or whole disk
31
Q

neuron generation

A

stem cell > progenitor cell > neural, glial > interneuron, projecting neuron, oligodendroglia, astrocyte.

32
Q

glia : neuron ratio

A

10:1

then thought to be 1:1

33
Q

ependymal cell

A
  • glial cell
  • small
  • secretes CSF
34
Q

astrocyte

A
  • glial cell
  • star shaped
  • symmetrical
  • nutritive
  • supportive
35
Q

microglial cell

A
  • glial cell
  • small
  • defensive function
36
Q

oligodendroglial cell

A
  • glial cell
  • asymmetrical
  • insulating myelin on CNS
37
Q

shwann cell

A
  • glial cell

- myelin on peripheral nerves

38
Q

Forebrain

A 
Basal ganglia 
Limbic system
Neocortex
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Hippocampus
39
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra

40
Q

Hind brain

A

Reticular formation
Cerebellum
Medulla
Pons

41
Q

Medulla

A

breathing and heart rate

42
Q

reticular formation

A

general arousal

43
Q

pons

A

relaying info

44
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination
posture
balance

45
Q

Red nucleus

A

involved in limb movements

46
Q

substantia nigra

A

approach and avoidance behaviour

47
Q

superior colliculus

A

eye movements

48
Q

inferior colliculus

A

auditory inputs

49
Q

Amygdala

A

processes emotions

50
Q

hypothalamus

A

releases hormones, regulates body temp

51
Q

thalamus

A
  • relay motor and sensory signals to cortex

- contains diencephalon

52
Q

diencephalon

A

part of forebrain

contains LGB, MGB, VLP

53
Q

LGB

A

visual projections

54
Q

MGB

A

auditory projections

55
Q

VLP

A

tactile projections

56
Q

hipocampus

A

memory

57
Q

Basal ganglia

A
  • movement and learning
  • loss of these neurons = tourettes
  • caudate nucleus receives info from cortex and sends though putamen and globus pallidus to thalamus
58
Q

Limbic system

A
  • where the subcortical structures meet the cerebral cortex

- 6 layers

59
Q

Neocortex

A

higher-order brain functions

60
Q

huntingtons diseasH

A
  • from protein huntington malfunctioning
  • ventricles become larger from neural death
  • autosomal dominant disease
61
Q

Huntingtons disease onset

A
  • developed ~ 30-54

- can show 4-80 though

62
Q

Huntingtons disease symptoms

A
  • characteristic movements
  • impairment
  • reduced dexterity
  • slurred speech
  • trouble swallowing
  • balance problems
  • forgetfulness
  • depression
  • mania
  • OCD
  • social withdrawal
63
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

connection between basal ganglia and substantia nigra dies

64
Q

Parkinson’s disease onset

A

62

65
Q

Parkinsons symptoms

A

rigid movements

balance issues

66
Q

parkinson medication

A
  • cardibopa-levodopa
  • protects early conversion to dopamine
  • benefits overtime may become less stable
  • after years, build up tolerance
67
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

68
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory

69
Q

parietal lobe

A

body senses

70
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor functions

PSYCH 2NF3 (13 decks)

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