Occipital Lobe (test 2)

Question 1

where is the LGN

Answer 1

in the thalamus

Question 2

where is the first place processing starts

Answer 2

V1

Question 3

division on the lateral surface

Answer 3

no clear division

Question 4

division on the medial surface

Answer 4

parieto-occipital surface
calcarine sulcus (much of V1 is here)

Question 5

division of the ventral surface

Answer 5

• lingual gyrus (V2 and V3)

- fusiform gyrus (hV4)

Question 6

how many layers in V1

Answer 6

6+

Question 7

how is area V1 organized

Answer 7

laminar organization

Question 8

results of cytochrome oxidase staining in V1

Answer 8

• blobs: colour perception

- interblobs: form and motion perception (orientation sensitive)

Question 9

results of cytochrome oxidase staining in V2

Answer 9

• thin stripes: colour perception

- thick stripes: form and motor perception

Question 10

V4

Answer 10

the color vision which helps in the perception of movement, position, and depth

Question 11

V1

Answer 11

• primary visual cortex
• input from LGN
• output to all other levels

Question 12

V2

Answer 12

• secondary visual cortex
• works with V1
• output to all other levels

Question 13

output to the parietal lobe

Answer 13

dorsal stream

Question 14

output to the inferior temporal lobe

Answer 14

ventral stream

Question 15

output to the superior temporal sulcus

Answer 15

STS stream

Question 16

Doral stream

Answer 16

• to parietal lobe
• visual guidance of movements
• where pathway

Question 17

ventral stream

Answer 17

• to the inferior temporal lobe
• giving name or label to object
• what pathway/object perception

Question 18

STS stream

Answer 18

• visuospatial
• some language processing
• detection of animate vs. inanimate
• complex thought
• theory of mind (guess what others are thinking about)

Question 19

V1 blobs connect to what

Answer 19

hV4

Question 20

V4 vs hV4

Answer 20

V4 is monkey

hV4 is human

Question 21

V1 interblobs connect to what

Answer 21

V5/MT

Question 22

V1 and V2 connect to what

Answer 22

V3

Question 23

lesions in V1 cause

Answer 23

blindsight

Question 24

percent of cortex with vision-related properties

Answer 24

55%

Question 25

V4

Answer 25

color

Question 26

V5

Answer 26

motion-sensitive area

Question 27

V3

Answer 27

the shape of objects in motion

Question 28

5 categories of vision

Answer 28

- vison for action - action for vision - visual recognition - visual space - visual attention

Question 29

vision for action

Answer 29

- dorsal stream - ducking, catching, movement - bottom-up processing

Question 30

action for vision

Answer 30

- guide attention to guide your movement - eye movements - visual scanning - we focus on facial features - top-down processing

Question 31

visual recognition

Answer 31

- what are you looking at? | - temporal lobes

Question 32

visual space

Answer 32

- egocentric space (location in relation to the viewer) - allocentric (location in relation to another object) - parietal lobes

Question 33

visual attention

Answer 33

- how we don't get overwhelmed | - pay attention to important characteristics

Question 34

Milner-Goodale Model

Answer 34

differentiating hierarchal parts of the visual system 2 pathways 1) object recognition 2) action

Question 35

a lesion in the visual cortex most likely to be ...

Answer 35

macular sparing

Question 36

monocular blindness

Answer 36

- loss of vision in one eye | - optic nerve or retina damage

Question 37

bitemporal hemianopia

Answer 37

- loss of vision in moth temporal fields | - tumor of pituitary gland applying pressure to optic chiasm

Question 38

_______ nasal hemianopia

Answer 38

- loss of vision in one nasal field | - damage to the lateral chiasm

Question 39

homonymous hemianopia

Answer 39

- loss of vision in one visual field - can be from damage to LGN, V1 or optic tract - largest lesion

Question 40

quadrantanopia

Answer 40

- loss of vision to 1/4 of the visual field - lesion near calcarine sulcus - medium lesion

Question 41

scotoma

Answer 41

blind spot | small lesion visual cortex

Question 42

scotoma

Answer 42

blind spot | small lesion visual cortex

Question 43

prosopagnosia

Answer 43

- facial agnosia - cannot recognize previously known faces - bilateral damage to the temporal cortex

Question 44

alexia

Answer 44

- dyslexia - inability to read - damage to left fusiform and lingual areas

Question 45

visuospatial agnosia

Answer 45

- topographic disorientation - inability to find way around - damage to occipitotemporal regions

Question 46

apperceptive

Answer 46

- unable to copy or match shapes - gross bilateral damage to the occipital cortex - simultagnosia (unable to perceive more than one object at a time)

Question 47

associative

Answer 47

- can perceive objects but cannot identify them | - lesion to the anterior temporal lobe

Question 48

macular sparing

Answer 48

- helps to differentiate between lesions of the optic tract and thalamus from cortical lesions - the muscular part of V1 might receive double the vascular supply from medial and cerebral artery