Frontal Lobe Flashcards
primar motor area functions
- Movement selection
- Fine movements
- Motor strength
- Direction of movement
Pre-Motor areaa
pre-motor area lateral area medial area frontal eye area supplementary eye field Broca's Area
What area # is Broca’s Area
Area 44
Area 44 is ______-
broca’s area
pre-motor area functions
- Movement programming
- Corollary discharge (the world continues to stay stable despite the movement of our eyes)
- Motor strength
- Mirror neurons
- Eye movement
connections of motor and pre-motor areas
- motor cortex
- premotor cortex
- eye fields
motor cortex
- projects to spinal neurons and cranial nerves
- projects to the basal ganglia and the red nucleus
premotor ortex
- projects to spinal cord and spinal cortex
- receives projections from parietal areas and dorsolateral perfrontal area
eye fields
receive info from PG and the superior colliculus
symptoms of frontal lobe damage
disturbances of motor function
- loss of fine movement, speed, and strength
- loss of movement programming
- changes in voluntary gaze
loss of fine movement, speed, and strength is from damage to wehre
primary motor cortex
loss of movement programming is from damage to where
premotor or dorsolateral cortex
changes in voluntary gaze from damage to where
frontlal eye fields
where is the end of dorsal and ventral streams
dorsolateral PFC
3 connections of pre frontal cortex
Dorsolateral PFC
orbitofrontal PFC
ventromedial PFC
dorsolateral PFC connections
- With posterior parietal cortex
- The superior temporal sulcus
- With the basal ganglia, and superior colliculus
Orbitofrontal PFC connections
- With auditory regions of the superior temporal cortex
- Posterior central gyrus
- Superior temporal sulcus
- Visual regions of the inferior temporal cortex (Area TE)
- Limbic regions of the medial temporal areas (related to memory)
- Periaqueductal duct (pain perception)
- olfaction and gustation
prefrontal cortex functions
controls cognitive processes so that appropriate behaviours are selected at the correct time
internal cues
- temporal memory
- working memory
- feelings about something
- guide how we think
temporal memory
information collected from the dorsal and ventral streams
working memory
what are you thinking about in the here and the now
external cuews
- What someone or something in environment does that gives us feedback that we use to adjust internal cues
context cues
- Social interactions (orbitofrontal PFC)
autonoetic awareness
- self knowledge collected over a lifetime of experience
- Binding together the awareness of oneself as continuous through time
- Have a sense of who and how you are relative to everyone else around you
frontal lobe executive functions
- planning and selection
- persistence and ignoring distracting stimuli
- memory for what we have already done
- responding to both internal and external and contextual information
left frontal lobe
language
encoding memories
right frontal lobe
non-verbal movements
facial expression
retrieving memories
symptoms of frontal lobe lesions
- impaired divergent thinking
- decreased verbal and design fluency
- increased preservation
- deficit of completing larger tasks
tests used for frontal lobe damage
test response inhibition:
stroop test
Wisconsin card sorting
stroop
say colour don’t read word
Wisconsin card sorting test
sort card into proper pile following a change in sorting “rules
changes in personality
- Appears after lesions of the left frontal lobe
- Outward apathy, indifference, loss of initiative
- Reduced sexual interest, little or no verbal output
Pseudo-psychology
- Appears after lesions of the right frontal lobe
- Immature behavior, lack of tact and restraint
- Promiscuous sexual behavior
- Coarse language; lack of social graces
diseases affecting frontal lobe
- schizophrenia
- parkinson’s disease
- korsakoff’s
Schiophrenia and frontal lobe
- abnormality in the mesocortical dopaminergic projection
- decrease in blood flow to the frontal lobes
parkinsons disease and frontal lobe
loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra thaat project to prefrontal cortex
Kotsakoffs
alcohol induces damage over many years that damages the dorsomedial thalamus and a deficiency in frontal lobe catcholmines
how do you test verbal fluency
Thurstone word fluency
write words as you can that start with ___
how do you test non-verbal fluency
design fluency
How do you test motor abilities
hand dynamoetry
figer tapping
sequencing
how do you test language comprehension
token test
spelling
phonetic discrimination
how do you test working memory
self ordering
how do you test planning
tower of london
Token test
- language comprehension test
- shapes of different sizes and colors are placed in front of the subject
- The test begins with simple tasks such as touch the white circle and then becomes progressively more difficult
- Touch the large yellow circle
and the large green square
Broca’s area also known as
inferior frontal gyrus
Anterior cingulate cortex
- Makes extensive bidirectional connections with motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortex as well as with the insula
voluntary gaze
Frontal lobe lesions produced alterations in voluntary eye gaze
prolonged stress is correlated with functionally significant changes in …
the structure of neurons in the PFC that affect temporal memory and goal-directed behaviors
