Temperature Regulation (E2)

Question 1

Regulator

Answer 1

an animal that uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the fact of external fluctuation

Question 2

Conformer

Answer 2

an animal that allows its internal condition to change in accordance with external changes

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

a constant internal environment, even when the external environment fluctuates

Question 4

Negative feedback

Answer 4

a control mechanism that dampens the stimulus

Question 5

Positive feedback

Answer 5

a control mechanism that amplifies the stimulus

Question 6

Thermoregulation

Answer 6

the process by which animals maintain their body temperature within a normal range, temperatures outside normal range reduce the efficiency of enzymatic reactions

Question 7

Integumentary system

Answer 7

the outer covering of the body (skin, hair, nails maybe claws or hooves)

Question 8

Endothermic

Answer 8

animals warmed by heat generated by metabolism
Can maintain a stable body temperature even in the face of large fluctuations in environmental temperature

Question 9

Ectothermic

Answer 9

gain most of their heat from external heat
Adjust body temperatures by behavioral means (seeking shade, basking in sun)
Consume less food than endotherms of similar sizes

Question 10

Poikilotherm

Answer 10

an animal whose body temperature varies with the environment

Question 11

Homeotherm

Answer 11

an animal with a relatively constant body temperature

Question 12

Heat loss and heat gain processes

Answer 12

Radiation - emission of electromagnetic waves by all objects
Evaporation - removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is turning to gas
Convection - transfer of heat by movement of air or liquid past a surface
Conduction - direct transfer of heat between objects in contact with each other

Question 13

Insulation

Answer 13

reduces the flow of heat between an animal’s body and its environment

Question 14

Circulatory Adaptations

Answer 14

route for heat flow between the interior and exterior of the body
Vasodilation - a widening of blood vessels near the body surface, increases blood flow
Vasoconstriction - reduces blood flow near the body’s surface
Countercurrent exchange - the transfer of heat or solutes between fluids that are flowing in opposite directions

Question 15

Cooling by Evaporative Heat Loss

Answer 15

Water absorbs heat when it evaporates
Sweat glands secrete water, which carries heat away from the skin
Panting also allows water to carry away the heat from the body

Question 16

Behavioral Responses

Answer 16

control of body temperature through behavioral responses to changes in the environment
When you’re cold, you seek warmer places
When hot, you bathe or move to cool areas

Question 17

Adjusting Metabolic Heat Production

Answer 17

Thermogenesis - heat production
Thermogenesis can be increased by muscle activity (shivering)
Non-shivering thermogenesis takes place throughout the body, causing mitochondria to increase metabolic activity, producing heat instead of ATP

Question 18

Acclimatization

Answer 18

Acclimatization to seasonal temperature change includes adjective insulation (growing thicker fur, shedding fur)

Question 19

Hypothalamus

Answer 19

a concentration of sensors responsible for thermoregulation, a region of the brain