Temperature/Metabolism Flashcards
What is an endotherm?
Homeotherm, warmblooded (mammals, birds)
What is an ectotherm
Poikilotherm, cold-blooded (fish amphibians, invertebrates)
How do endo therms maintain body temp?
heat generated by metabolism
Endotherm heat generation is a high-energy strategy that permits ______ in a wide range of _______.
intense long activity
environmental temps
Since ectotherms dont produce enough metabolic heat what do they rely on?
environmental conditions
What is a heterotherm?
capable of varying degrees of heat production but do not regulate body temp very well.
flying insect pythons and some fishes.
some small mammals and birds allow body temp to fluctuate.
What are the 4 pathways of respiration?
glycolosis
oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
Main substrate in animals?
Glucose and Lipid
Main substrate in plants?
Sucrose
Does respiration generate a lot of heat in plants or animals?
Main source for animals
Not in animals
What are fats used for by plants and animals?
energy storage for animals, energy and carbon storage for plants
when does anaerobic respiration occur?
if oxygen is absent
in anaerobic respiration lots of middle _____ in respiration chain are produced, such as _____
Metabolites
lactic acid, alcohol
What is the respiratory quotient?
RQ = CO2/O2
RQ for carbs? Fats? Proteins?
1, 0.7, ~0.8
Results of respiration?
mass loss gas change produce water produce heat produce middle metabolites
What metabolism pathway assembles simple structures into complex molecules? relates to repair, regeneration and growth
Anabolism
What metabolism pathway breaks down complex energy or material rich molecules into simple ones?
Catabolism
Most effective for energy storage out of protein, fats and carbs?
Protein not ideal cause nitrogen scarce and a limiting factor in growth
fat most effective cause high heat production and dehydrated form
carbs second most effective cause rapid conversion
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?
stable rate of energy metabolism measured in animals under least stressful conditions
What is Standard metabolic rate?
animals resting and gastric metabolism at given temp
What is field metabolic rate?
average rate of energy use as animal goes about normal activities, range from high intensity to resting
what is aerobic metabolic scope?
range of metabolic rates of which animal is capable, max sustainable rate/BMR
As body mass increases in mammals, mass specific metabolic rate _________.
declines
