Lecture #17: Animal Form And Function Flashcards
What are tissues
groups of cells with common structure and function
What are organs made up of
tissues
4 classes of animal tissues
epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle
Epithelial tissue
on surface, protects against mechanical injury, invasive mircrorganisms, fluid loss
attached to basement membrane
Difference between simple and stratified epithelium
simple = single layer of cells stratified = multiple tiers of cells
What is glandular epithelia
absorb or secrete chemical solutions ex: thyroid hormone, mucous membrane
connective tissue
bonds and supports other tissues
3 kinda of cute nnecti e tissues
collageous fibers (non elastic, don’t tear easily) elastic fibers (elastic/rubbery) reticular fibers (thin and branched)
extracellular matrix
web of fibers, connective tissues secrete the matrix of this
5 types of connective tissues in bertabrates
loose connective fibrous connective cartilage bone blood
Loose connective tissue
bonds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing materials, holding organs in place
two cell types predominant in fibrous mesh of loose connective tissue
fibroblast - secrete protein
macrophages- engulf bacteria
Adipose Tissue
form of loose connective tissue, stores fat
Fibrous connective tissue examples
tendons - attach bone to muscle
ligaments - joins bones to bones
Cartilage
collagenous fibers embedded in a rubber matrix
made of chrondroitin sulfate, a protein-carb complex
Chonodrocytes
secrete collagen and chrondroitin sulfate
Bones
mineralized connective tissue
calcium magnesium and phosphate ions combine into mineral hydroxyapatite
Osteons
make up bones
contain blood vessels and nerves that service bone
Blood
has an extensive extracellular matrix
contains plasma (water,salt,dissolved proteins)
platelets (cell frags), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white) are in plasma
What do platelets do
aid in blood clotting
Nervous tissue
transmits signals
neurons consist of cell body and dendrites(transmit nerve impulses to rest of neuron) and axons (transmit to other neurons/effectors)
Muscle Tissue
muscle fibers that contract when stimulate by nerves
contain myofibrils (made of protein actin and myosin)
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
Skeletal muscle
also called striated muscle, responsible for voluntary movement
Cardiac muscle
forms contractile wall of the heart
Smooth muscle
in walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries
contract slow but for longer
involuntary
Thoracic cavity
houses lungs and heart, separated from lower abdominal cavity
what carries out majority of body functions in animals
organ systems
