Lecture #17: Animal Form And Function

Question 1

What are tissues

Answer 1

groups of cells with common structure and function

Question 2

What are organs made up of

Answer 2

tissues

Question 3

4 classes of animal tissues

Answer 3

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

on surface, protects against mechanical injury, invasive mircrorganisms, fluid loss

attached to basement membrane

Question 5

Difference between simple and stratified epithelium

Answer 5

simple = single layer of cells
stratified = multiple tiers of cells

Question 6

What is glandular epithelia

Answer 6

absorb or secrete chemical solutions ex: thyroid hormone, mucous membrane

Question 7

connective tissue

Answer 7

bonds and supports other tissues

Question 8

3 kinda of cute nnecti e tissues

Answer 8

collageous fibers (non elastic, don’t tear easily)
elastic fibers (elastic/rubbery)
reticular fibers (thin and branched)

Question 9

extracellular matrix

Answer 9

web of fibers, connective tissues secrete the matrix of this

Question 10

5 types of connective tissues in bertabrates

Answer 10

loose connective
fibrous connective 
cartilage
bone
blood

Question 11

Loose connective tissue

Answer 11

bonds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing materials, holding organs in place

Question 12

two cell types predominant in fibrous mesh of loose connective tissue

Answer 12

fibroblast - secrete protein

macrophages- engulf bacteria

Question 13

Adipose Tissue

Answer 13

form of loose connective tissue, stores fat

Question 14

Fibrous connective tissue examples

Answer 14

tendons - attach bone to muscle

ligaments - joins bones to bones

Question 15

Cartilage

Answer 15

collagenous fibers embedded in a rubber matrix

made of chrondroitin sulfate, a protein-carb complex

Question 16

Chonodrocytes

Answer 16

secrete collagen and chrondroitin sulfate

Question 17

Bones

Answer 17

mineralized connective tissue

calcium magnesium and phosphate ions combine into mineral hydroxyapatite

Question 18

Osteons

Answer 18

make up bones

contain blood vessels and nerves that service bone

Question 19

Blood

Answer 19

has an extensive extracellular matrix

contains plasma (water,salt,dissolved proteins)

platelets (cell frags), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white) are in plasma

Question 20

What do platelets do

Answer 20

aid in blood clotting

Question 21

Nervous tissue

Answer 21

transmits signals

neurons consist of cell body and dendrites(transmit nerve impulses to rest of neuron) and axons (transmit to other neurons/effectors)

Question 22

Muscle Tissue

Answer 22

muscle fibers that contract when stimulate by nerves

contain myofibrils (made of protein actin and myosin)

Question 23

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 23

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 24

Skeletal muscle

Answer 24

also called striated muscle, responsible for voluntary movement

Question 25

Cardiac muscle

Answer 25

forms contractile wall of the heart

Question 26

Smooth muscle

Answer 26

in walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries

contract slow but for longer

involuntary

Question 27

Thoracic cavity

Answer 27

houses lungs and heart, separated from lower abdominal cavity

Question 28

what carries out majority of body functions in animals

Answer 28

organ systems