Lecture #17: Animal Form And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues

A

groups of cells with common structure and function

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2
Q

What are organs made up of

A

tissues

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3
Q

4 classes of animal tissues

A

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

on surface, protects against mechanical injury, invasive mircrorganisms, fluid loss

attached to basement membrane

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5
Q

Difference between simple and stratified epithelium

A
simple = single layer of cells
stratified = multiple tiers of cells
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6
Q

What is glandular epithelia

A

absorb or secrete chemical solutions ex: thyroid hormone, mucous membrane

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7
Q

connective tissue

A

bonds and supports other tissues

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8
Q

3 kinda of cute nnecti e tissues

A
collageous fibers (non elastic, don’t tear easily)
elastic fibers (elastic/rubbery)
reticular fibers (thin and branched)
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9
Q

extracellular matrix

A

web of fibers, connective tissues secrete the matrix of this

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10
Q

5 types of connective tissues in bertabrates

A
loose connective
fibrous connective 
cartilage
bone
blood
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11
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

bonds epithelia to underlying tissues and functions as packing materials, holding organs in place

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12
Q

two cell types predominant in fibrous mesh of loose connective tissue

A

fibroblast - secrete protein

macrophages- engulf bacteria

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13
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

form of loose connective tissue, stores fat

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14
Q

Fibrous connective tissue examples

A

tendons - attach bone to muscle

ligaments - joins bones to bones

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15
Q

Cartilage

A

collagenous fibers embedded in a rubber matrix

made of chrondroitin sulfate, a protein-carb complex

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16
Q

Chonodrocytes

A

secrete collagen and chrondroitin sulfate

17
Q

Bones

A

mineralized connective tissue

calcium magnesium and phosphate ions combine into mineral hydroxyapatite

18
Q

Osteons

A

make up bones

contain blood vessels and nerves that service bone

19
Q

Blood

A

has an extensive extracellular matrix

contains plasma (water,salt,dissolved proteins)

platelets (cell frags), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white) are in plasma

20
Q

What do platelets do

A

aid in blood clotting

21
Q

Nervous tissue

A

transmits signals

neurons consist of cell body and dendrites(transmit nerve impulses to rest of neuron) and axons (transmit to other neurons/effectors)

22
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

muscle fibers that contract when stimulate by nerves

contain myofibrils (made of protein actin and myosin)

23
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

24
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

also called striated muscle, responsible for voluntary movement

25
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

forms contractile wall of the heart

26
Q

Smooth muscle

A

in walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries

contract slow but for longer

involuntary

27
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

houses lungs and heart, separated from lower abdominal cavity

28
Q

what carries out majority of body functions in animals

A

organ systems