Lecture #18: Animal Nutrition I Flashcards
Animals diet must supply what 3 needs?
Fuel (chemical energy)
Organic Raw Materials (use in biosynthesis and make own molecules)
Essential Nutrients (stuff that can’t be made on its own)
Malnourishment
Animal missing one or more essential nutrient from diet (not the same as undernourished)
can be malnourished and obese
Do plants and animals provide all essential amino acids?
Just animals do, plants are incomplete (lack one or more amino acid)
Why must a diet with all essential amino acids be eaten everyday?
The body cannot easily store amino acids
Animals can synthesize most essential fatty acids but cannot________
synthesize certain unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 ones (ex: linoleic acid)
How many essential human vitamins are there?
13
What are the two groups of vitamins
Water soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins
minerals are simple____Usually required in____.
Inorganic nutrients
Small amounts
which Minerals are required by humans and other vertebrates in relatively large quantities
Calcium and phosphorus
Which minerals have a major influence on the osmotic balance between cells and the intestinal fluids
Sodium potassium and chloride
What are the effects of too much salt consumption
upset homeostatic balance and cause toxic side effects
What are the four main groups of which animals ingest food
suspension feeders, Deposit feeders, substrate feeders and fluid feeders
What are suspension feeders
Aquatic animals such as clams that sift small food particles from the water
What are deposit feeders
Animals that eat their way through dirt or sediments and extract partially decayed organic material such as earthworms
what are substrate feeders
Animals that live in or on their food source eating their way through the food such as with minors which tunnel through the interior of leaves
What are fluid feeders
They suck nutrient rich fluids from a living house and are considered parasites, such as mosquitoes or aphids
What are bulk feeder’s
They eat relatively large pieces of food and are what most animals are
do herbivores and omnivores have longer or shorter alimentary canals
longer Because vegetation is more difficult to digest then meet because it contains cell walls
Which type of animals have had the most elaborate adaptions for an herbivorous diet
ruminants. Which include dear cattle and sheep
When a cow swallows a mouth full of grass the food bolus first enters the____where___digest the cellulose rich material. The bolus is then passed to the___where further digestion occurs and____are secreted. The cow and then re-swallows of the cud which moves to the___where___is removed. The cud passes to the___for final digestion by the cows___
rumen symbiotic bacteria and protists reticulum fatty acids omasum water abomasum enzymes
What are the four main stages of food processing
ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
What stage of food processing is the act of eating where food is packaged in bulk form
Ingestion
What stage of food processing is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb
Digestion
What stage of food processing do the cells take up a small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars from the digestive compartment
Absorption
What stage of food processing is undigested material passed out of the digestive compartment
Elimination
What is it called when digestion breaks bonds and water is added
enzymatic hydrolysis
During digestion polysaccharides and disaccharides are split into___.
Fats are digested to___.
Proteins are broken down into___.
Nucleic acid‘s are cleaved into_____.
simple sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
Animals cannot use___like protein fats and carbohydrates in there___form. Polymers are___to pass through the membrane’s and enter the cells of the animal
Macromolecules
Polymeric
Too large
