Lecture #18: Animal Nutrition I Flashcards

1
Q

Animals diet must supply what 3 needs?

A

Fuel (chemical energy)

Organic Raw Materials (use in biosynthesis and make own molecules)

Essential Nutrients (stuff that can’t be made on its own)

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2
Q

Malnourishment

A

Animal missing one or more essential nutrient from diet (not the same as undernourished)

can be malnourished and obese

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3
Q

Do plants and animals provide all essential amino acids?

A

Just animals do, plants are incomplete (lack one or more amino acid)

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4
Q

Why must a diet with all essential amino acids be eaten everyday?

A

The body cannot easily store amino acids

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5
Q

Animals can synthesize most essential fatty acids but cannot________

A

synthesize certain unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 ones (ex: linoleic acid)

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6
Q

How many essential human vitamins are there?

A

13

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7
Q

What are the two groups of vitamins

A

Water soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins

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8
Q

minerals are simple____Usually required in____.

A

Inorganic nutrients

Small amounts

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9
Q

which Minerals are required by humans and other vertebrates in relatively large quantities

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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10
Q

Which minerals have a major influence on the osmotic balance between cells and the intestinal fluids

A

Sodium potassium and chloride

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11
Q

What are the effects of too much salt consumption

A

upset homeostatic balance and cause toxic side effects

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12
Q

What are the four main groups of which animals ingest food

A

suspension feeders, Deposit feeders, substrate feeders and fluid feeders

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13
Q

What are suspension feeders

A

Aquatic animals such as clams that sift small food particles from the water

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14
Q

What are deposit feeders

A

Animals that eat their way through dirt or sediments and extract partially decayed organic material such as earthworms

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15
Q

what are substrate feeders

A

Animals that live in or on their food source eating their way through the food such as with minors which tunnel through the interior of leaves

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16
Q

What are fluid feeders

A

They suck nutrient rich fluids from a living house and are considered parasites, such as mosquitoes or aphids

17
Q

What are bulk feeder’s

A

They eat relatively large pieces of food and are what most animals are

18
Q

do herbivores and omnivores have longer or shorter alimentary canals

A

longer Because vegetation is more difficult to digest then meet because it contains cell walls

19
Q

Which type of animals have had the most elaborate adaptions for an herbivorous diet

A

ruminants. Which include dear cattle and sheep

20
Q

When a cow swallows a mouth full of grass the food bolus first enters the____where___digest the cellulose rich material. The bolus is then passed to the___where further digestion occurs and____are secreted. The cow and then re-swallows of the cud which moves to the___where___is removed. The cud passes to the___for final digestion by the cows___

A
rumen
symbiotic bacteria and protists 
reticulum
fatty acids
omasum
water
abomasum
enzymes
21
Q

What are the four main stages of food processing

A

ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

22
Q

What stage of food processing is the act of eating where food is packaged in bulk form

A

Ingestion

23
Q

What stage of food processing is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb

A

Digestion

24
Q

What stage of food processing do the cells take up a small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars from the digestive compartment

A

Absorption

25
Q

What stage of food processing is undigested material passed out of the digestive compartment

A

Elimination

26
Q

What is it called when digestion breaks bonds and water is added

A

enzymatic hydrolysis

27
Q

During digestion polysaccharides and disaccharides are split into___.
Fats are digested to___.
Proteins are broken down into___.
Nucleic acid‘s are cleaved into_____.

A

simple sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides

28
Q

Animals cannot use___like protein fats and carbohydrates in there___form. Polymers are___to pass through the membrane’s and enter the cells of the animal

A

Macromolecules
Polymeric
Too large