Lecture #18: Animal Nutrition I

Question 1

Animals diet must supply what 3 needs?

Answer 1

Fuel (chemical energy)

Organic Raw Materials (use in biosynthesis and make own molecules)

Essential Nutrients (stuff that can’t be made on its own)

Question 2

Malnourishment

Answer 2

Animal missing one or more essential nutrient from diet (not the same as undernourished)

can be malnourished and obese

Question 3

Do plants and animals provide all essential amino acids?

Answer 3

Just animals do, plants are incomplete (lack one or more amino acid)

Question 4

Why must a diet with all essential amino acids be eaten everyday?

Answer 4

The body cannot easily store amino acids

Question 5

Animals can synthesize most essential fatty acids but cannot________

Answer 5

synthesize certain unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 ones (ex: linoleic acid)

Question 6

How many essential human vitamins are there?

Answer 6

13

Question 7

What are the two groups of vitamins

Answer 7

Water soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 8

minerals are simple____Usually required in____.

Answer 8

Inorganic nutrients

Small amounts

Question 9

which Minerals are required by humans and other vertebrates in relatively large quantities

Answer 9

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 10

Which minerals have a major influence on the osmotic balance between cells and the intestinal fluids

Answer 10

Sodium potassium and chloride

Question 11

What are the effects of too much salt consumption

Answer 11

upset homeostatic balance and cause toxic side effects

Question 12

What are the four main groups of which animals ingest food

Answer 12

suspension feeders, Deposit feeders, substrate feeders and fluid feeders

Question 13

What are suspension feeders

Answer 13

Aquatic animals such as clams that sift small food particles from the water

Question 14

What are deposit feeders

Answer 14

Animals that eat their way through dirt or sediments and extract partially decayed organic material such as earthworms

Question 15

what are substrate feeders

Answer 15

Animals that live in or on their food source eating their way through the food such as with minors which tunnel through the interior of leaves

Question 16

What are fluid feeders

Answer 16

They suck nutrient rich fluids from a living house and are considered parasites, such as mosquitoes or aphids

Question 17

What are bulk feeder’s

Answer 17

They eat relatively large pieces of food and are what most animals are

Question 18

do herbivores and omnivores have longer or shorter alimentary canals

Answer 18

longer Because vegetation is more difficult to digest then meet because it contains cell walls

Question 19

Which type of animals have had the most elaborate adaptions for an herbivorous diet

Answer 19

ruminants. Which include dear cattle and sheep

Question 20

When a cow swallows a mouth full of grass the food bolus first enters the____where___digest the cellulose rich material. The bolus is then passed to the___where further digestion occurs and____are secreted. The cow and then re-swallows of the cud which moves to the___where___is removed. The cud passes to the___for final digestion by the cows___

Answer 20

rumen
symbiotic bacteria and protists 
reticulum
fatty acids
omasum
water
abomasum
enzymes

Question 21

What are the four main stages of food processing

Answer 21

ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 22

What stage of food processing is the act of eating where food is packaged in bulk form

Answer 22

Ingestion

Question 23

What stage of food processing is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb

Answer 23

Digestion

Question 24

What stage of food processing do the cells take up a small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars from the digestive compartment

Answer 24

Absorption

Question 25

What stage of food processing is undigested material passed out of the digestive compartment

Answer 25

Elimination

Question 26

What is it called when digestion breaks bonds and water is added

Answer 26

enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 27

During digestion polysaccharides and disaccharides are split into___.
Fats are digested to___.
Proteins are broken down into___.
Nucleic acid‘s are cleaved into_____.

Answer 27

simple sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides

Question 28

Animals cannot use___like protein fats and carbohydrates in there___form. Polymers are___to pass through the membrane’s and enter the cells of the animal

Answer 28

Macromolecules
Polymeric
Too large