Lecture 1: Plant Structure and Growth

Question 1

Angiosperms

Answer 1

first appeared in Cretaceous

Flowering plants

Question 2

What are the two types of angiosperms

Answer 2

Monocots and dicots

Question 3

What is the description of a monocot

Answer 3

they have parallel veins in the leaves
They have one cotyledon
They have complexly arranged vascular bundles
They have fibrous root systems
Usually have multiples of three flowers petals

Question 4

Attributes of dicots

Answer 4

They have two cotyledons
Their veins are usually net like
There are vascular bundles arranged in ring
They usually have taproots
Floral parts usually in multiples of 4 or five

Question 5

Fibrous root system

Answer 5

They have a mat of thin roots

Question 6

Tap root system

Answer 6

One large vertical route with small branches

Question 7

Where does most of sorption of water and minerals occur

Answer 7

Near the root tips where there are lots of root hairs

Question 8

Two types of shoot systems

Answer 8

Vegetative system which is leaf bearing

Reproductive system which is flower bearing

Question 9

What is a node

Answer 9

The point that the leaves are attached to

Question 10

What is an Internode

Answer 10

This stem segments between those

Question 11

What is an axillery bud

Answer 11

Growth buds that are in between the stems and leaves with the potential to form a vegetative branch

Question 12

Terminal buds

Answer 12

Growth bud located at the plant apex

Question 13

Apical dominance

Answer 13

Terminal buds can inhibit growth of axillary buds

Question 14

Stolons

Answer 14

Grow on the surface and enable a plant to colonize large areas asexually

Question 15

Rhizomes

Answer 15

Horizontal stems the girl on the ground for example ginger

Question 16

Tubers

Answer 16

Swollen and of the rhizomes specialized for food storage for example potatoes

Question 17

Bulbs

Answer 17

Vertical underground shoots consisting of swollen bases of leaves that store food example onions

Question 18

What are the three basic types of cells that help form tissues in plants

Answer 18

Paranchymal cell’s
collenchymal cells
sclerenchymal cells

Question 19

Paranchymal Cell’s

Answer 19

Perform most of the metabolic functions of the plant, they synthesize in store organic molecules

Question 20

Collenchymal Cell

Answer 20

Help support a young parts of the plant, they are flexible and support

Question 21

Sclerenchymal Cell

Answer 21

Support the plant with a dick secondary wall strengthened by lignin

Question 22

What are the three tissue systems of plant organs

Answer 22

Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue

Question 23

Dermal tissue

Answer 23

The dermal tissue is pretty much the epidermis

Question 24

Epidermis

Answer 24

Single layer of tightly packed paranchymal cells that cover and protect young parts of plants

Question 25

The cuticle

Answer 25

Protects epidermis of leaves and most stem surfaces that help retain water

Question 26

What does the epidermis do

Answer 26

Who is the first line of defense against physical damage and pathogenic organisms

Question 27

Vascular tissue

Answer 27

Is involved in the transport of materials between roots and shoots

Question 28

What are the two types of vascular tissue

Answer 28

Xylem and phloem

Question 29

Xylem

Answer 29

Conveys water and dissolved minerals up word from roots into shoots

Question 30

Phloem

Answer 30

Transports food made in mature leaves to the roots and two non-photosynthetic parts of the shoot system

Question 31

Tracheids and vessel elements

Answer 31

Conduct water through the xylem using a nonliving conduit

Question 32

Ground tissue

Answer 32

Tissue that is neither dermal tissue nor vascular tissue It’s functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support

Question 33

What are cortex and pith

Answer 33

Cortex is the ground tissue in the external vascular tissue and pith is ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

Question 34

Indeterminate growth

Answer 34

Demonstrated by most plant tissues | Grow as long as the plant leaves

Question 35

Determinate growth

Answer 35

Flowers and leaves undergo this certain ones anyways | Growth stops after they reach a certain size

Question 36

biennial plants

Answer 36

Lifecycle spans two years or growing seasons

Question 37

Annual plants

Answer 37

Complete their life cycle in a single year or growing season

Question 38

Perennial plants

Answer 38

Lifecycle spans many years are growing seasons

Question 39

Meristem tissues

Answer 39

The location of these determines the pattern of plant growth

Question 40

What are the three types of meristem tissues

Answer 40

Root apical meristem Lateral meristem Shoot apical meristem

Question 41

Primary growth

Answer 41

Enables roots and shoots to extend

Question 42

Secondary growth

Answer 42

Progressive thickening of roots and shoots | A product of lateral meristems

Question 43

What is Root Cap?

Answer 43

Covers root tip and protects meristem as it pushes through soil

Question 44

What is Zone of Cell Division!

Answer 44

Includes apical meristem/primary meristems. Apical produces cells for primary and for root cap

Question 45

Zone Elongation

Answer 45

cells elongate, push root tip ahead, cells continuously added to youngest end of zone elongation

Question 46

Zone Maturation

Answer 46

Cells begin to specialize in structure and function

Question 47

Vascular Cambium

Answer 47

cylinder of meristematic cells that form secondary vascular tissue

Question 48

Formation of vascular cambium

Answer 48

Secondary xylem forms interior Secondary phloem forms exterior Bark is all tissues external

Question 49

Cork Cambium

Answer 49

Meristem that produces cork cells which form thick covering for stems and roots

Question 50

What is Periderm

Answer 50

Protective layer that replaces epidermis, made of cork and cork cambium

Question 51

If planes of division by cell are parallel what is produced?

Answer 51

Single file of cells

Question 52

If planes of cell division are random?

Answer 52

Unorganized clump of cell’s is formed

Question 53

Asymmetrical Cell Division

Answer 53

one cell receives more cytoplasm, results in key developmental event