Lecture 1: Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperms

A

first appeared in Cretaceous

Flowering plants

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2
Q

What are the two types of angiosperms

A

Monocots and dicots

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3
Q

What is the description of a monocot

A

they have parallel veins in the leaves
They have one cotyledon
They have complexly arranged vascular bundles
They have fibrous root systems
Usually have multiples of three flowers petals

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4
Q

Attributes of dicots

A

They have two cotyledons
Their veins are usually net like
There are vascular bundles arranged in ring
They usually have taproots
Floral parts usually in multiples of 4 or five

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5
Q

Fibrous root system

A

They have a mat of thin roots

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6
Q

Tap root system

A

One large vertical route with small branches

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7
Q

Where does most of sorption of water and minerals occur

A

Near the root tips where there are lots of root hairs

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8
Q

Two types of shoot systems

A

Vegetative system which is leaf bearing

Reproductive system which is flower bearing

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9
Q

What is a node

A

The point that the leaves are attached to

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10
Q

What is an Internode

A

This stem segments between those

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11
Q

What is an axillery bud

A

Growth buds that are in between the stems and leaves with the potential to form a vegetative branch

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12
Q

Terminal buds

A

Growth bud located at the plant apex

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13
Q

Apical dominance

A

Terminal buds can inhibit growth of axillary buds

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14
Q

Stolons

A

Grow on the surface and enable a plant to colonize large areas asexually

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15
Q

Rhizomes

A

Horizontal stems the girl on the ground for example ginger

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16
Q

Tubers

A

Swollen and of the rhizomes specialized for food storage for example potatoes

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17
Q

Bulbs

A

Vertical underground shoots consisting of swollen bases of leaves that store food example onions

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18
Q

What are the three basic types of cells that help form tissues in plants

A

Paranchymal cell’s
collenchymal cells
sclerenchymal cells

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19
Q

Paranchymal Cell’s

A

Perform most of the metabolic functions of the plant, they synthesize in store organic molecules

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20
Q

Collenchymal Cell

A

Help support a young parts of the plant, they are flexible and support

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21
Q

Sclerenchymal Cell

A

Support the plant with a dick secondary wall strengthened by lignin

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22
Q

What are the three tissue systems of plant organs

A

Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue

23
Q

Dermal tissue

A

The dermal tissue is pretty much the epidermis

24
Q

Epidermis

A

Single layer of tightly packed paranchymal cells that cover and protect young parts of plants

25
Q

The cuticle

A

Protects epidermis of leaves and most stem surfaces that help retain water

26
Q

What does the epidermis do

A

Who is the first line of defense against physical damage and pathogenic organisms

27
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Is involved in the transport of materials between roots and shoots

28
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissue

A

Xylem and phloem

29
Q

Xylem

A

Conveys water and dissolved minerals up word from roots into shoots

30
Q

Phloem

A

Transports food made in mature leaves to the roots and two non-photosynthetic parts of the shoot system

31
Q

Tracheids and vessel elements

A

Conduct water through the xylem using a nonliving conduit

32
Q

Ground tissue

A

Tissue that is neither dermal tissue nor vascular tissue It’s functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support

33
Q

What are cortex and pith

A

Cortex is the ground tissue in the external vascular tissue and pith is ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

34
Q

Indeterminate growth

A

Demonstrated by most plant tissues

Grow as long as the plant leaves

35
Q

Determinate growth

A

Flowers and leaves undergo this certain ones anyways

Growth stops after they reach a certain size

36
Q

biennial plants

A

Lifecycle spans two years or growing seasons

37
Q

Annual plants

A

Complete their life cycle in a single year or growing season

38
Q

Perennial plants

A

Lifecycle spans many years are growing seasons

39
Q

Meristem tissues

A

The location of these determines the pattern of plant growth

40
Q

What are the three types of meristem tissues

A

Root apical meristem
Lateral meristem
Shoot apical meristem

41
Q

Primary growth

A

Enables roots and shoots to extend

42
Q

Secondary growth

A

Progressive thickening of roots and shoots

A product of lateral meristems

43
Q

What is Root Cap?

A

Covers root tip and protects meristem as it pushes through soil

44
Q

What is Zone of Cell Division!

A

Includes apical meristem/primary meristems. Apical produces cells for primary and for root cap

45
Q

Zone Elongation

A

cells elongate, push root tip ahead, cells continuously added to youngest end of zone elongation

46
Q

Zone Maturation

A

Cells begin to specialize in structure and function

47
Q

Vascular Cambium

A

cylinder of meristematic cells that form secondary vascular tissue

48
Q

Formation of vascular cambium

A

Secondary xylem forms interior
Secondary phloem forms exterior
Bark is all tissues external

49
Q

Cork Cambium

A

Meristem that produces cork cells which form thick covering for stems and roots

50
Q

What is Periderm

A

Protective layer that replaces epidermis, made of cork and cork cambium

51
Q

If planes of division by cell are parallel what is produced?

A

Single file of cells

52
Q

If planes of cell division are random?

A

Unorganized clump of cell’s is formed

53
Q

Asymmetrical Cell Division

A

one cell receives more cytoplasm, results in key developmental event