temperature

Question 1

why are corals bleaching

Answer 1

• Corals are bleaching - due to temp - it can be recovered if temp returns to what the species are adapted to

Question 2

how can we measure temp

Answer 2

Measured by thermometers, thermistors (v. accurate), and satellite

Question 3

how do oceans affect ;land temp?

Answer 3

• CO2 is like a blanket - sunlight is getting trapped by gases, warming the earth
  
  • Oceans involved in heat distribution on the planet
  • Acidification + rising temp is hard for organisms

Question 4

biggest ocean temp range

Answer 4

• Biggest temp range: mid latitudes, e.g. 3 to 30 degree C

Temp effects latitudinal distribution of org. and effects metabolism

Question 5

what does temp affect - distribution wise

Answer 5

Temp. effects latitudinal distribution of org. and effects metabolisms

Question 6

define homeotherms

Answer 6

an organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity.
Marine mammals and birds

Question 7

describe poikilotherms

Answer 7

an organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by behavioral means such as basking or burrowing.
Marine invertebrates, most fishes

Question 8

describe intermediates

Answer 8

• Intermediates

○ Tuna

Question 9

how is most heat lost?

Answer 9

• Most heat loss is at skin/exhalation
Various heat conservation mechanisms for e.g.
blue fin tuna differ about 10 o Celsius from environment
dolphins have arrangement where blood can be warmed
intermediates - not cold or warm blooded

Question 10

what is Q10

Answer 10

•
Measuring changes in metabolism with changes in temp
• O2 consumption is a measure of metabolism
• With each +10 degrees C you get an increase in metabolism = Q10
• Most poikilotherms show a 2-3 fold increase in metabolism with each 10 degrees c
• Most can adapt to temp changes keeping metabolic rate constant

Question 11

ex of what we can use q10 for

Answer 11

how poikilotherms adapt to seasonal changes (plateau)

Question 12

winter vs summer collected animals

Answer 12

• Winter collected animals consume O2 at a higher rate than summer collected at same temp
  
  • Indicates upper lethal temp is greater in summer collected animals than same sp. Collected in winter

Question 13

2 advantages of acclimated individuals

Answer 13

○ Lower metabolic cost in warm water (using less o2, warm water holds less o2)
○ Able to be active in winter

Question 14

what are the causes of physiological races

Answer 14

• Pop. Of org. with compensatory responses enabling function in different latitudes (the differences in temps)
• Lower temp = greater O2 consumption at higher lat. Than same sp. At lower lat
• Results from genetic differences and/or temp
Distribution of marine orgs. Is regulated by temp. tolerance (impacts on growth, reproduction)

Question 15

ex of physiological races

Answer 15

mussels 
bay mussel - higher lat, produces more HSP and ubiquitin at higher temps 
better lower temp tolerence, 
grow slower + larger_+ live longer 
limited by min water temp 

blue mussel
lives at lower lat, less proteins produced as the function better at higher temp, lower temp = decreased protein function, grow faster + shorter life, limited by max summer temp for distribution

Question 16

latitude vs season chart in week 3

Answer 16

ok

Question 17

exceptions to latitudinal temp gradient

Answer 17

continental shelves
• Extremely shallow, massive temp changes occur here
• Shallow continental shelves heat a lot in summer e.g. cape hatteras hotter than florida
• Also air temp impact on the intertidal region
• Also tide variance w latitude
Lower tide variance combined with global warming variance = variable mortality over different lat.