tectonics

Question 1

what is a divergent plate boundary

what kind of earthquakes occur

Answer 1

a divergent plate boundary is where plates move apart which means that magma rises and cools forming new crust and forming a mid ocean ridge.

only mostly small shallow earthquakes

Question 2

what is a convergent plate bondary

what dose it do to volcanoes and earthquakes in the area

Answer 2

plate boundary that push together deforms the collision area. material melts in the mantel

more earthquakes and the formation of active volcanoes

Question 3

what is a conservative plate boundary?

what results as a result of movment

Answer 3

it is where the plates move along side each other

can resulting the formation of mountains swell as well as quite strong shallow focus earthquakes

Question 4

give an example of a conservative boundaries

what generally causes earthquakes at these boundaries

Answer 4

San Andres fault

realses of friction

Question 5

where are divergent boundaries

what is made as they move apart

Answer 5

they are generally oceanic crust under the ocean

Question 6

what is the most dangerous plate boundary generally and why

Answer 6

convergent
as the plates approach each other one of them subject typically the denser and thinner crust which is the oceanic crust
- this causes friction which when realised causes very powerful earthquakes

Question 7

what is comon above a subduction zone

Answer 7

• montaian belt
• magmatic activity
• active siesimity

Question 8

what is a destructive boundary

Answer 8

convergent plate boundary

Question 9

what forms when 2 continental plates meet

Answer 9

fold montains

Question 10

what is created at a divergent plate bondaries

Answer 10

-rift volcanoes, generally less explosive and more effusive

Question 11

what are hotspot volcanoes and how are they formed

Answer 11

they are found in the middle of the plate and are formed by magma plumes threw the plate

Question 12

where is the majority of volcanic activity

Answer 12

plate boundaries

Question 13

what is the most common type of natural disaster

what is the least common type of natural disaster

Answer 13

hydrlogical

Geophysical

Question 14

what makes a natural event count as a disaster

what about a mega disisater

Answer 14

10 pepole dead

?

Question 15

case study toku 2011
- cuase
-size
-deaths
-economic impact
-response

Answer 15

tohku earthquake 2011
-undersea earthquake at plate junctions measured 9.0 on the magnitude scale
-20,000 people killed 90% by drowning, 100,000 choldren sperated from there famiies 300,000 people in total displaced
-360 billion dollars in damage, 47,700 buildings destroyed, 230,000 vehicles destroyed, goverment debt increased due to an injection of billions of yen to restart the economy
-100,000 japanese self defence force members came to help as well as the red cross and US military personal sent to aid the rescue
-breach of sea wall lead to damaged nuclear power plant and a melt down in 3 reactors

Question 16

what cuases tunamis

Answer 16

• earthquake(realsea of tention) can cause a subduction of plate or mega thrust of the plate = displacement of water and a wave motion created
• displacment of water through large movement of sediment of metorite in water

Question 17

what is a disaster

Answer 17

+100 pepepole die in an event

Question 18

what is a mega diaster

Answer 18

over 2000 deaths

Question 19

what factors effect vulnerability of a country/ settlement

Answer 19

• location
  -education
  -investment in adaption measures
  -planning for disasters and hazards

Answer 20

Haiti

Question 21

name 3 ways in which a volcanic activity can be mitigated

Answer 21

-tilt meters can tell when a volcano is bulging and close to erupting
-boar holes tell how different the temperature is as magma rises
- building concrete shelters from volcanic ash and lava bombs

Question 22

name 3 hazards of volcanic activity

Answer 22

• ash fall can be heavy on roofs which cuases them to collapse, distrups machinarie and flight paths and kills crops
  -plyromcaltic flow- flow of tephra and poisonous gases moves down the side of the volcano at almost 700km/h
  -lava flows down the side of the mountains and cools
  -lahars mixture of water and volcanic material traveling down river valleys at 60km/h
  -gas eruptions- water vapouoir and sulfur dioxide can be poisonous high high concentrations
  cuase acid rain which cuases damage to buildings and plants and blocks sun energy

Question 23

case study Indian ocean tsunami
- causes

Answer 23

case study Indian ocean tsunami
-It was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burma plate mega thrust earthquake magnitude 8.8
- total economic cost 10bliion$
- 230,000 deaths in 14 countries
- world food programme provided food for 1.3 million
-14$ billion sent in foreign aid
-1.3 million ,made homeless
-51,000 boats destroyed

Question 24

HATI 2010

Answer 24

magnitude 7 focal depth only 13km from port adu prince
200,000 deaths
250,000 homes destroyed
8 billion dollars in damages
medical response crippled by collapse in ifasturcture
58 million sent in forieng aid by ngos in the first day

Question 25

2010 eujakfolikal eruption

Answer 25

• ash cloud from volcanic eruption melting glacier
  -shield volcano
  -4.7 billion lost line industry lost 20 million per day
  -no deaths
• all flights grounded or rerouted in
  Europe (around 100,000)
  seismic activity and and bulging crustal

Question 26

features of a shield volcano

Answer 26

• shield volcano
  -effusive lava (runny, basaltic)
  -not explosive

Question 27

what is palyomangetisim

Answer 27

-

Question 28

Pinatubo

Answer 28

• ## Philippines

Question 29

whay is the benioff zone

Answer 29

area where the plates colide with each otehr

Question 30

what are p waves

Answer 30

conpression in the crust or mantle

Question 31

what are s waves

Answer 31

shakes in the crust of mantle

Question 32

L waves

Answer 32

move along the surface