Tectonic Processes and Hazards Fact Attack

Question 1

Seismic hazards are generated within what distance of the Earth’s surface?

Answer 1

700km

Question 2

What % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

What % of all earthquakes are found on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’?

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

How many active volcanoes are their globally?

Answer 4

1900

Question 4

On average, how many volcanoes erupt each year?

Answer 4

50

Question 5

Volcanoes which form away from plate boundaries are called what?

Answer 5

Hot spots

Question 5

Which theory is now less accepted as being responsible for plate movement?

Answer 5

Mantle Convection

Question 5

Roughly how many years does the Earth’s magnetic field change direction?

Answer 5

400,000

Question 5

Harry Hess came up with the hypothesis of what?

Answer 5

Seafloor spreading

Question 6

What is the temperature of Earth’s inner core?

Answer 6

6000°c

Question 7

Mid-ocean ridges extend for over how many kilometres across the world’s ocean floors?

Answer 7

60,000 km

Question 8

How many different types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 8

3 (Primary, Secondary and Love)

Question 9

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in which year?

Answer 9

1989

Question 9

What was the time and date of the Loma Prieta earthquake?

Answer 9

17:04 on the 17th October

Question 10

The cities (Loma Prieta’s) Marina District, which suffered the worst of the damage was built on what kind of soil?

Answer 10

Soft, sandy soil

Question 11

What was the death toll of the Loma Prieta earthquake?

Answer 11

67

Question 12

What was the magnitude of the Christchurch aftershock in 2011?

Answer 12

6.3

Question 12

According to the U.S Geological Survey, what is the chance (5) of another ‘serious’ earthquake striking San Franciso in the next 30 years?

Answer 12

67%

Question 13

What was the year of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake in Iceland?

Answer 13

2010

Question 14

How many commercial flights were cancelled during the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake worldwide?

Answer 14

100,000

Question 15

What was the daily loss of revenue for Kenyan businesses because of not being able to fly fresh veg and flowers to Europe as a result of the Eyjafjallajökull earthquake?

Answer 15

US$1.3 million

Question 16

How many people worldwide are at risk from hazards caused by volcanoes?

Answer 16

500 million

Question 17

What temperature can lava flows reach?

Answer 17

1170°c

Question 18

What temperature can pyroclastic flows reach?

Answer 18

700°c

Question 19

What speed can pyroclastic flows reach?

Answer 19

100 km per hour

Question 19

On what date did the Soufriere Hills Volcano erupt on the island of Montserrat?

Answer 19

18th July 1995

Question 20

How many people moved to other countries as a result of the Montserrat volcanic eruption?

Answer 20

7000

Question 21

What speed can tsunamis reach?

Answer 21

805 km per hour

Question 21

The Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred in what year?

Answer 21

2004

Question 22

The floor of the Indian Ocean was thrusted what distance during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

Answer 22

15 metres

Question 23

How high was the tsunami wave that struck Banda Aceh during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

Answer 23

17

Question 24

How many people died during the Indian Ocean earthquake?

Answer 24

300,000

Question 25

In Thailand, how much money did the tourist industry lose per month, because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

Answer 25

US$25 million

Question 26

In Sri Lanka, what % of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure was lost because of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

As a result of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, most vegetation and topsoil were removed over what distance inland?

Answer 27

800 metres

Question 28

On what date was the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 28

12th January 2010

Question 29

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 29

7

Question 29

What was the official death toll of the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 29

230,000

Question 29

What was the depth of the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 29

13km

Question 29

The epicentre of the earthquake in Haiti was how many km from the capital Port-au-Prince?

Answer 29

24km

Question 30

What is the population of Port-au-Prince in 2010?

Answer 30

2 million

Question 31

What % of government officials were killed in the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 31

25%

Question 31

What disease spread in October 2010 as a result of the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 31

Cholera

Question 32

By 2015, what was the death toll as a result of the disease outbreak in Haiti?

Answer 32

9,000

Question 32

Internationally, how much international aid had been donated to Haiti?

Answer 32

US$13 billion

Question 33

By 2015, how many people in Haiti were still living in temporary accommodation?

Answer 33

80,000

Question 34

What was the date of the earthquake in China?

Answer 34

12th May 2008

Question 34

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in China?

Answer 34

7.9

Question 35

Overall, how many people in China were affected by the earthquake?

Answer 35

45.5 million

Question 36

How many children were killed during the earthquake in China as a result of the collapse of school buildings?

Answer 36

5335

Question 37

Within hours of the earthquake in China, how many soldiers and relief workers had been sent to the affected areas?

Answer 37

130,000

Question 38

Temporary homes, roads and bridges had been built within how many weeks of the earthquake in China?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

What led to the failure of strict building codes in China being enforced?

Answer 39

Corruption

Question 40

How much money did the Chinese government pledge for rebuilding after the earthquake?

Answer 40

US$10 billion

Question 41

On what date was the earthquake in Japan?

Answer 41

11th March 2011

Question 42

What was the magnitude of the earthquake in Japan?

Answer 42

9

Question 42

What was the official death toll of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan?

Answer 42

15,893

Question 43

What was height reached by the tsunami in Japan?

Answer 43

10 metres

Question 44

How many people were forced to evacuate in Japan, as a result of the damage to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant?

Answer 44

47,000

Question 45

What % of buildings in Japan were earthquake proof in 2011?

Answer 45

75%

Question 46

What was built in Japan to reduce the vulnerability to tsunamis?

Answer 46

10 metres high walls

Question 47

Within 24 hours in Japan, how many defence troops had been mobilised?

Answer 47

110,000

Question 48

The Bank of Japan offered how much money to other Japanese banks to keep them operating?

Answer 48

US$183 billion

Question 49

From how many countries did Japan accept help from after the earthquake?

Answer 49

20

Question 50

In 1960, what was the global population?

Answer 50

Less than 3 billion

Question 51

In 2016, what was the global population?

Answer 51

7.3 billion

Question 52

In the 1990's, what was the average economic cost of natural disasters each year?

Answer 52

US$20 billion

Question 53

Between 2000-2010, what had the average economic cost of natural disasters risen to?

Answer 53

US$100 billion

Question 54

A report in 2015 found that out of the most 10 at risk cities in the world, how many were there in the Philippines?

Answer 54

8

Question 54

In most years, how many typhoons is the Philippines affected by?

Answer 54

15

Question 55

How many volcanoes does the Philippines have?

Answer 55

47

Question 56

What % of the population in the Philippines live within 30km of a volcano?

Answer 56

30%

Question 57

The Philippines consist of how many islands?

Answer 57

7107

Question 58

What was the population of the Philippines in 2015?

Answer 58

101 million

Question 59

What % of the population in the Philippines live in poverty?

Answer 59

25

Question 59

In 2013, the Philippines was struck by 3 disasters, what were they?

Answer 59

Earthquake, Typhoon Haiyan and then flooding

Question 60

Overall, the three disasters that affected the Philippines in 2013 killed how many people?

Answer 60

6488

Question 61

What was magnitude of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015?

Answer 61

7.8

Question 62

The epicentre of the earthquake that struck Nepal was how many km from the capital, Kathmandu?

Answer 62

80km

Question 63

What was the death toll of the earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015?

Answer 63

8633

Question 64

In 2016, where did Nepal rank out of 229 countries for GDP per capita?

Answer 64

197th

Question 65

How many aftershocks occurred after the initial earthquake in Nepal?

Answer 65

100

Question 66

What was the estimated economic loss as a result of the earthquake in Nepal?

Answer 66

US$5 billion

Question 66

What was the estimated amount needed for rebuilding work in Nepal as a result of the 2015 earthquake?

Answer 66

US$6.6 billion

Question 66

Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand?

Answer 66

Mount Taranaki

Question 67

The diversion of lava flows was successful in for which volcanic eruption in 1983?

Answer 67

Mount Etna, Italy

Question 68

In Pakistan, what materials are used to make buildings able to withstand earthquakes?

Answer 68

Bales of straw and strong plastic netting

Question 69

In Nepal, why did volunteers travel to remote locations on bicycles in 2015?

Answer 69

To collect data using GPS trackers

Question 70

How many times a year do children in Japan practise earthquake drills?

Answer 70

4

Question 71

In response to the earthquake in Pakistan in 2015, NGO's provided how many tents?

Answer 71

500,000

Question 71

In 2011, what were the worldwide losses from earthquakes?

Answer 71

US$54 billion