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Edexcel A-Level Geography > Superpowers Fact Attack > Flashcards

Superpowers Fact Attack Flashcards

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1
Q

Name a political quality of a superpower.

A

Having a permanent seat on the UN council.

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2
Q

Name an economic quality of a superpower.

A

High GDP/High levels of trade.

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3
Q

Name a military quality of a superpower?

A

Large amounts of hardware and military personnel.

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4
Q

Name a cultural quality of a superpower?

A

Rich cultural history/way of life.

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5
Q

Name a demographic quality of a superpower?

A

Significant percentage of global population.

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6
Q

Suggest what a country’s access to resources is like if it is classed a Superpower.

A

Able to export and control the supply of valuable commodities eg. Oil.

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7
Q

What are the veto countries in the UN security council?

A

China, France, Russia, UK and US

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8
Q

What is one positive thing about being in the UN security council?

A

Can be decisive; Overriding factor-not a lone country.

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9
Q

What is one negative thing about being in the UN security council?

A

Countries may act out of their own interest.
Not a majority vote.

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10
Q

What was the USA’s per capita GDP?

A

$53,000

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11
Q

What is China’s per capita GDP?

A

$6,000

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12
Q

What % of all financial transactions are in US dollars?

A

80%

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13
Q

What % of foreign currency market transactions are in US dollars?

A

87%

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14
Q

How much money does the USA give out in terms of financial assistance?

A

$33 billion

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15
Q

How much money does the UK give out in terms of financial assistance?

A

$19 billion

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16
Q

How much more is the USA’s military spending compared to China? What percentage is this of global military spending?

A

4-5 times, 37%

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17
Q

How many of the top 20 universities globally are in the US?

A

16/20

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18
Q

In 2010, how many people visited Buckingham Palace?

A

413,000

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19
Q

In the USA, how many people living there were born in a foreign country?

A

45 million

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20
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in the USA?

A

264 billion

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21
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in China?

A

20.3 billion

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22
Q

How many barrels of oil are there in Russia?

A

250 billion

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23
Q

What is hard power?

A

The ability of a country to use military force or economic influence to make another accept an idea or situation.

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24
Q

What is soft power?

A

The ability of a country to persuade its other countries to agree to a situation or idea by making it attractive.

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25
Q

Who created the geo-strategic theory?

A

Halford Mackinder.

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26
Q

What are the three parts the world is divided into (geo-stategic theory)?

A

The World Island, Offshore Islands and Outlying Islands.

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27
Q

What civilisation have used geostrategic theory?

A

Romans, Napoleon and Nazis.

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28
Q

What are the 4 multifaceted ways of exercising power?

A

Military, Politically, Economically and Culturally.

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29
Q

What is neo-colonialism?

A

Use of investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct governance.

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30
Q

What four things does the USA represent?

A

Capitalism, Free market, Manifest destiny and Democracy.

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31
Q

What four things does the USSR represent?

A

Communism, Marxism, Cold war and Controls all means of production.

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32
Q

When was the Korean war?

A

June 1950 (until 1953)

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33
Q

When was the space race?

A

October 4th 1957

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34
Q

When was the Cuban missile crisis?

A

October 1962

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35
Q

What is a bipolar example of superpowers?

A

Cold war or USA vs USSR.

36
Q

In what years was America Unipolar?

A

1990s

37
Q

How much did America’s economy grow by between 1992 and 1999?

A

4%

38
Q

Between 1992 and 1999, how many jobs were added to the American work force per year?

A

1.7 million

39
Q

How much did the median American household income grow by between 1990 and 1999?

A

10%

40
Q

What is the multipolar example of a superpower?

A

BRICS vs G20.

41
Q

Which countries are in BRICS?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South America.

42
Q

What is G20?

A

Westernised countries - top 20 economies.

43
Q

Which countries are the only $1 trillion economies outside the OECD?

A

BRICS.

44
Q

Which multipolar example agreed a post-recession ‘green stimulus package’ worth $1.1 trillion?

A

G20.

45
Q

Give three examples of China’s growing dominance.

A

Export increase, Infrastructure development and TNCs moved there through special economic zones

46
Q

How many Chinese people are estimated to be in Africa?

A

1 million

47
Q

In 2010, what % of Chinese imports were mineral products from Africa?

A

80%

48
Q

Why has China dominated Africa?

A

Easy to dominate, Cheaper and No competition.

49
Q

What four factors of environmental degradation is caused by superpower?

A

Lanscape Scarring, The build environment, Oil spills and Removal of forests.

50
Q

In what century did most mines close?

A

20th

51
Q

In what year did Drakelands pit in Devon open? When did the last mine open before this?

A

2015 and 1969.

52
Q

The price of what doubled as the supply was reduced?

A

Tungsten.

53
Q

In 2003, how many Chinese cities were affected by acid rain?

A

250

54
Q

How much did acid rain in China cause the economy to lose in 2013?

A

$13.3 billion

55
Q

What was the % increase in food production in Brazil between 2002 and 2012?

A

26%

56
Q

How many times did beef exports increase by in Brazil?

A

10x

57
Q

What did America agree to do in 2014 and by when?

A

Reduce CO2 emissions by 2025.

58
Q

Who pulled out of the Paris agreements in June 2017?

A

Donald Trump.

59
Q

When did China agree to reduce carbon emissions and by when?

A

2014 and by 2030

60
Q

How many tonnes of CO2 did the USA emit from 1850 to 2007?

A

339,000 million

61
Q

How do you define the global middle class?

A

Those with an annual income of over £10,000

62
Q

What are rare earths?

A

A group of 17 elements that occur together in geological deposits and are very difficult to separate from each other.

63
Q

What is the collective worth of rare earths?

A

$5 trillion

64
Q

Give an example of rare earths.

A

Neodymiym (used for wind turbines and hybrid cars).

65
Q

How many tonnes of toxic waste is produced for every 1 tonne of rare earths?

A

2000

66
Q

How much of the world’s gas is undiscovered?

A

30%

67
Q

What % of the world’s oil resources are in the Arctic?

A

13%

68
Q

The UN convention on the law of the sea allows countries to own how many miles beyond their coastline?

A

200 miles

69
Q

What year did Russia use submarines to put a flag at the north pole?

A

2007

70
Q

What is the name of the Chinese icebreaker which navigated the northern sea route for the first time?

A

Xuelong.

71
Q

Why is there tension over oil?

A

Demand is high, Ambiguity over possession.

72
Q

Why is there conflict over production of goods?

A

Counterfeiting.

73
Q

How many countries signed the Anti-counterfeiting trade agreement in 2011?

A

32

74
Q

How much does counterfeiting cost G20 countries a year?

A

$85 billion

75
Q

Which countries are disputing over 8 islands in the East China Sea?

A

Japan and China.

76
Q

In which years did Gazprom raise the price of gas and cut the supply of Ukraine in winter?

A

2006 and 2009.

77
Q

What % of all new projects in Africa are the results of Chinese investment?

A

30%

78
Q

More than how many Chinese schools in Africa were fromed due to the brain drain?

A

20

79
Q

How many skilled and technical jobs were filled by Chinese migrants in 2014?

A

200,000

80
Q

How many MW of elecriticy has been created by major HELP projects (financed by China) by 2013?

A

6,780

81
Q

How much has annual FDI from China increased to by 2015?

A

$3 billion

82
Q

How much does China provide in economic and development aid Africa each year?

A

$2 - 3 billion

83
Q

How many km of railways were built in Africa by China by 2015?

A

2250 km

84
Q

How many km of roads were built in Africa by China by 2015?

A

3350 km

85
Q

Give three factors that are challenges to superpowers?

A

Radicalisation, Cultural differences and Nationalism.

86
Q

What six factors cause instability in the middle east?

A

Religion, Resources, Oil/Gas, Governance, Youth and History.

87
Q

What % of crude oil exports originate in the middle east?

A

65%

Edexcel A-Level Geography (12 decks)

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