Tectonic Process And Hazards Flashcards
Name the 4 primary hazards of volcanoes
Lava flows
Pyroclastic flows
Ash falls
Gas eruptions
Name the 2 secondary hazards
Lahars
Jokulhaup
What are the 4 types of seismic waves
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Rayleigh waves
Love waves
What is the Benioff zone
It is the active seismic zone on a subduction zone
The earthquake foci is normally along a dipping plane
At the angle of 33°-60°
Describe primary waves
First waves that comes
Move through rock and liquid
Also called p/push pull waves
describe secondary waves
Slower than p waves
Only travel through rock
They have a up and down movement at 90° angle
Describe love waves
Only travel though crust surface
Fast surface waves
They move side to side
What is fault creep
Some faults move slowly and fairly continuously and don’t result in violent earthquakes
Fault creep has never killed anyone but causes damage to roads or other structures
Describe liquefaction
When the ground shakes violently due to earthquakes The water in the soil is liquified.
This can cause landslides in high mountain areas such as the Himalayan fold mountains these have huge impacts on surrounding communities
What are the 3 earthquake scales
The richter scale
Moment magnitude scale
Earthquake depth
What is risk
The probability of harm or loss taking place
What is vulnerability
Relates to the human geography such as
Location of settlement
Knowledge
Ability to react
Resilience and preparation
What are the 3 factors in the pressure release model
Root causes
Dynamic pressures
Unsafe conditions
What does the EMDAT say about the frequency of geophysical hazards
They are increasing
What do hazard profiles show
They allow countries to consider the disasters specifically and help to distinguish patterns that naught help in the future
If countries can reduce vulnerability they can reduce amount of people affected
