Technology

Question 1

sinclair

Answer 1

compressed english e.g small ads

Question 2

accommodation theory

Answer 2

people mimic syntax and lexical choices for convergence

Question 3

wilson article 2014

Answer 3

increases responsibility of remaining connected 
social media changing the language
alters the vocab e.g pinterest
introduces vocab e.g ttyl
increases volume and speed

Question 4

carrington

Answer 4

linguistic compression used in text
vowel deletion
phonetic spelling
initialisms

Question 5

mcwhorter

Answer 5

‘it isnt written it is spoken’ = ted 2013
pragmatic particles which feature to show emotion behind a word e.g emoji
mobile phones pace of human speech

Question 6

werry

Answer 6

in internet chat rooms, people use more letters than necessary to imitate speech or semantic nuance
text and email are like talk - people take turns

Question 7

shortis

Answer 7

plasticity

online sites create virtual identity which isn’t real

Question 8

shlegoff

Answer 8

'canonical opening'
most telephone calls start similarly
1. answer
2. identification
3. greetings
4. how are you?
5. pre closing

Question 9

humphrys

Answer 9

why articles are removed e.g 16000
text and abbreviations started ruining the language
(prescriptivist approach)
technology has a negative impact

Question 10

fairclough

Answer 10

computers imitate human interaction
allows turn taking e.g drop down menu
‘are you sure’

Question 11

brown and levinson

Answer 11

positive politeness e.g compliments
negative politeness e.g avoid intruding
synchronous communication e.g internet chat - real time
asynchronous communication e.g email/texting delay between

Question 12

sellem and harper 2002

Answer 12

affordances and limitations to online communications

Question 13

haraway 1990

Answer 13

internet communication might remove some of the social stereotyping associated with language differences
people might start respecting more

Question 14

stephen fry

Answer 14

blasted the acronym cctv for being bland and phonetically forgettable

Question 15

hardaker

Answer 15

online abuse
midunderstanding
anonymity
cyberstalking links to shortis virtual identity - can impose danger

Question 16

lakoff

Answer 16

politeness theory - speak/message in a positive manner to co-operate
be clear
be polite
do not impose
give options
be friendly

Question 17

grice

Answer 17

quality
quantity
relevance
manner
implicature 
flouting

Question 18

crystal text speak

Answer 18

80% of adults use mobile phones
‘text speak’ uses variety of acronyms and variant spelling for compression and pragmatic meanings
enhanced sociolect and idiolect
neteracy literacy of the internet
widening lexicon - netiquette respecting the privacy of others
internet communication becoming more informal - capitalisation omission
queen victoria often abbreviated c u