Ethnicity Flashcards
jenny cheshire 2008
new form of english
london inner city among young people
mle later renamed mue
hubert devonish
patois is language of the home
expresses emotion
english is something children learn at school - overt prestige and formal
viv edwards 1986
people speak in a group rather than on their own
varied interviewer by age and ethnicity
1 - formal interviewer and white researcher ‘Mr Sutcliffe’ about education
4 - discussion by black peer group talking about questionnaire regarding attitudes to mainstream white society
5 - informal conversation with black fieldworker over biscuits and drinks
1: 5.57% used patois 4: 43.29% used patois 5:30.11% used patois
sensitive to ethnicity, age and topic
use of english v patois - aggregate index
john pitts 2012
difference in english young black speakers who felt that mainstream society was ignoring and constraining them
resistance identity through language
jamaican english
mi run im run
subjective - objective
verbs not always marked e.g im tell me dat yesterday
garrard mcclendon
black american english ebonics time and place for BAE blames teachers for not correcting people who use BAE need to change to raise expectations , state of emergency stereotypes not employable code switching needed to protect
carribbean english
h dropping e.g appy
th stopping e.g dis
mary bucholtz 2001
‘white nerds’ deliberately diverge from other white peers who use ‘cooler’ black styles
linguistic approphacy
which language choices reflect ideas for appropriate context
linguistic identity
when placed with prejudice for language to equip speakers with knowledge to help on whether to code switch or not
1960s and 1970s
JE and white neighbours exposed to different varieties - degree of crossing
ethnolect shared
linked to accommodation theory
le page and tabouret keller
‘act of identity’
revealing through personal use of language , ethnic and solidarity
patois
type of creole, blend of english and other african languages commonly jamaican
labov and trudgill
prestige separated into overt and covert prestige
both used when changing speech
to appear to have a high reputation, success, standing
but do so in different ways
code switching
ability to move between different types of language in order to suit the needs of the other
viv edwards 1986 JE in west midlands
english is official language of the former british west indies
afro-caribbean immigrants had a few communication difficulties upon arrival compared to immigrants from other regions
mark sebba 1993 london jamaican
LJ is linked to BBE and has been identified as main choice of young new generation brought up in london Caribbean community
lies between cockney and creole forms
sue fox and paul kerswill
MLE is identified with by adolescent users in the wider city of environment of greater london
gaining ground in other large uk cities e.g bristol
devyani sharma and lavanya sankaran 2011
focussed on /t/ pronunciation when researching punjabi indian english
distinctive local pronunciation as well as south asian pronunciation
local london /t/ glottalised
MLE emerged in 20th century
sociolect among young, working class many ethnicities, urban cities as specific social group from hybrid certain features in london spreading - aitchsion
ben rampton 2010
creole seen cool, tough and good to use
associated with assertiveness, verbal resourcefulness , competence in heterosexual relationships and opposition to authority
roger hewitt 1986 and mark sebba 1993
new development in late 1990s, ‘black cockney’
style rather than discrete variety
black young speakers in london
resistance identity
against mainstream culture
super standard forms
language use that deliberately intensifies the standard forms of mainstream culture
british black english
wide ranging label but often refers to a variety used by some speakers within the caribbean community in the uk
kara becker
ethnicity is prioritised too much as a factor used to explain linguistic variations between different groups
other factors must be considered to be an equal or higher measure e.g social group, region
penelope eckert
white varieties are categorised into many levels of dialect e.g yorkshire
non white varieties tend to be lumped together
solutions made such as bedor - ethnolinguisitic repertoires
problem persists within and outside of linguistic study
holmes 2013
speakers don’t necessarily have to have a native or extensive knowledge of their second language to claim ethnic identity
act of code switching to create a sense of solidarity within an ethnic group is enough
e.g descendants of immigrants from non-english speaking countries whose first language is punjabi would not have to speak it fluently instead the natural code switching between the words of the two languages is enough to create a non english identity
gordon d drummond 2012
examined speech habits of people in manchester
discovered there were two types of immigrants’ pronunciation
polish immigrants settled and wanted to stay- less of polish accent , could have softened their accent
polish immigrants who wanted to move back - assert polish identity in britain, could have strengthened it
the comparison was only done between these groups of people
no comparison to the general polish accent was made
gary ives 2014 bradford
using language to create a well-defined social identity, speak differntly from family and friends
british asian use same diverse forms of language to be part of social group
lexis influenced by wide mixture of influences e.g popular culture, area/postcode, being born in england and age
differentiate themselves from others with pakistani backgrounds and ‘freshies’ and use language to exclude
comparisons to martha’s vineyard - clear and definite attempt to use language to exclude others and feel included
identity is clearly importance to group of teens - unifying mechanism
gary ives 2014 london
some lexical choices originate from other countires e.g afro caribbean or jamiacan backgrounds
not about ethnicity rather than where you live- white backgrounds used lexis from other places e.g bruv
teens demonstrated grammatical distinctions including normalisation - changing word class e.g hyping - hype
ives 2014
to ensure independent variable was ethnicity he studied teachers
code switched to an equal measure
age wasnt necessarily an influencing factor
